Vitamin D Supplementation and Remission from Chronic Anterior Uveitis

Purpose: Chronic anterior uveitis (CAU) often requires suppressive therapy, which has potential side effects including cataract, ocular hypertension, and increased risk of infection. No remittive therapy is currently available; however, several studies have demonstrated an association between low 25-hydroxy Vitamin D (25OHD) levels and either uveitis incidence or uveitis disease activity. This study investigates the potential of Vitamin D supplementation as a remittive treatment for CAU. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis using data from the Systemic Immunosuppressive Therapy for Eye Disease (SITE) cohort study, which included patients with ocular inflammatory disease seen at U.S. tertiary centers between 1979 and 2010. Vitamin D supplementation data was analyzed for patients with CAU. Eyes were considered in remission if they remained quiet for at least 90 days off all anti-inflammatory treatment for eye disease. Results: Among 2688 patients who never used Vitamin D, the cumulative adjusted CAU remission incidence was 13.5% at the 16-month follow-up. In contrast, among 75 patients who used Vitamin D for a duration of ≤1 year, the cumulative adjusted CAU remission incidence was 28% at 16 months. The use of Vitamin D was associated with a crude hazard ratio for remission of 2.14 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23–3.71, p = 0.0071], and an adjusted hazard ratio for remission of 2.43 [95% CI: 1.36–4.33, p = 0.0027]. Conclusion: In the SITE Cohort, Vitamin D supplementation is associated with a significantly increased incidence of remission. Vitamin D supplementation should be explored in a prospective trial as the next step of evaluation.