Virology under the Microscope-a Call for Rational Discourse

Felicia Goodrum; Anice C. Lowen; Seema Lakdawala; James Alwine; Arturo Casadevall; Michael J. Imperiale; Walter Atwood; Daphne Avgousti; Joel Baines; Bruce Banfield; Lawrence Banks; Sumita Bhaduri-McIntosh; Deepta Bhattacharya; Daniel Blanco-Melo; David Bloom; Adrianus Boon; Steeve Boulant; Curtis Brandt; Andrew Broadbent; Christopher Brooke; Craig Cameron; Samuel Campos; Patrizia Caposio; Gary Chan; Anna Cliffe; John Coffin; Kathleen Collins; Blossom Damania; Matthew Daugherty; Kari Debbink; James DeCaprio; Terence Dermody; Jimmy Dikeakos; Daniel DiMaio; Rhoel Dinglasan; W. Paul Duprex; Rebecca Dutch; Nels Elde; Michael Emerman; Lynn Enquist; Bentley Fane; Ana Fernandez-Sesma; Michelle Flenniken; Lori Frappier; Matthew Frieman; Klaus Frueh; Michaela Gack; Marta Gaglia; Tom Gallagher; Denise Galloway; Adolfo García-Sastre; Adam Geballe; Britt Glaunsinger; Stephen Goff; Alexander Greninger; Meaghan Hancock; Eva Harris; Nicholas Heaton; Mark Heise; Ekaterina Heldwein; Brenda Hogue; Stacy Horner; Edward Hutchinson; Joseph Hyser; William Jackson; Robert Kalejta; Jeremy Kamil; Stephanie Karst; Frank Kirchhoff; David Knipe; Timothy Kowalik; Michael Lagunoff; Laimonis Laimins; Ryan Langlois; Adam Lauring; Benhur Lee; David Leib; Shan Lu Liu; Richard Longnecker; Carolina Lopez; Micah Luftig; Jennifer Lund; Balaji Manicassamy; Grant McFadden; Michael McIntosh; Andrew Mehle; W. Allen Miller; Ian Mohr; Cary Moody; Nathaniel Moorman; Anne Moscona; Bryan Mounce; Joshua Munger; Karl Münger; Eain Murphy; Mojgan Naghavi; Jay Nelson; Christopher Neufeldt; Janko Nikolich; Christine O'Connor; Akira Ono; Walter Orenstein; David Ornelles; Jing Hsiung Ou; John Parker; Colin Parrish; Andrew Pekosz; Philip Pellett; Julie Pfeiffer; Richard Plemper; Stephen Polyak; John Purdy; Dohun Pyeon; Miguel Quinones-Mateu; Rolf Renne; Charles Rice; John Schoggins; Richard Roller; Charles Russell; Rozanne Sandri-Goldin; Martin Sapp; Luis Schang; Scott Schmid; Stacey Schultz-Cherry; Bert Semler; Thomas Shenk; Guido Silvestri; Viviana Simon; Gregory Smith; Jason Smith; Katherine Spindler; Megan Stanifer; Kanta Subbarao; Wesley Sundquist; Mehul Suthar; Troy Sutton; Andrew Tai; Vera Tarakanova; Benjamin tenOever; Scott Tibbetts; Stephen Tompkins; Zsolt Toth; Koenraad van Doorslaer; Marco Vignuzzi; Nicholas Wallace; Derek Walsh; Michael Weekes; Jason Weinberg; Matthew Weitzman; Sandra Weller; Sean Whelan; Elizabeth White; Bryan Williams; Christiane Wobus; Scott Wong; Andrew Yurochko

doi:10.1128/mbio.00188-23

Virology under the Microscope-a Call for Rational Discourse

Felicia Goodrum, Anice C. Lowen, Seema Lakdawala, James Alwine, Arturo Casadevall, Michael J. Imperiale, Walter Atwood, Daphne Avgousti, Joel Baines, Bruce Banfield, Lawrence Banks, Sumita Bhaduri-McIntosh, Deepta Bhattacharya, Daniel Blanco-Melo, David Bloom, Adrianus Boon, Steeve Boulant, Curtis Brandt, Andrew Broadbent, Christopher BrookeCraig Cameron, Samuel Campos, Patrizia Caposio, Gary Chan, Anna Cliffe, John Coffin, Kathleen Collins, Blossom Damania, Matthew Daugherty, Kari Debbink, James DeCaprio, Terence Dermody, Jimmy Dikeakos, Daniel DiMaio, Rhoel Dinglasan, W. Paul Duprex, Rebecca Dutch, Nels Elde, Michael Emerman, Lynn Enquist, Bentley Fane, Ana Fernandez-Sesma, Michelle Flenniken, Lori Frappier, Matthew Frieman, Klaus Frueh, Michaela Gack, Marta Gaglia, Tom Gallagher, Denise Galloway, Adolfo García-Sastre, Adam Geballe, Britt Glaunsinger, Stephen Goff, Alexander Greninger, Meaghan Hancock, Eva Harris, Nicholas Heaton, Mark Heise, Ekaterina Heldwein, Brenda Hogue, Stacy Horner, Edward Hutchinson, Joseph Hyser, William Jackson, Robert Kalejta, Jeremy Kamil, Stephanie Karst, Frank Kirchhoff, David Knipe, Timothy Kowalik, Michael Lagunoff, Laimonis Laimins, Ryan Langlois, Adam Lauring, Benhur Lee, David Leib, Shan Lu Liu, Richard Longnecker, Carolina Lopez, Micah Luftig, Jennifer Lund, Balaji Manicassamy, Grant McFadden, Michael McIntosh, Andrew Mehle, W. Allen Miller, Ian Mohr, Cary Moody, Nathaniel Moorman, Anne Moscona, Bryan Mounce, Joshua Munger, Karl Münger, Eain Murphy, Mojgan Naghavi, Jay Nelson, Christopher Neufeldt, Janko Nikolich, Christine O'Connor, Akira Ono, Walter Orenstein, David Ornelles, Jing Hsiung Ou, John Parker, Colin Parrish, Andrew Pekosz, Philip Pellett, Julie Pfeiffer, Richard Plemper, Stephen Polyak, John Purdy, Dohun Pyeon, Miguel Quinones-Mateu, Rolf Renne, Charles Rice, John Schoggins, Richard Roller, Charles Russell, Rozanne Sandri-Goldin, Martin Sapp, Luis Schang, Scott Schmid, Stacey Schultz-Cherry, Bert Semler, Thomas Shenk, Guido Silvestri, Viviana Simon, Gregory Smith, Jason Smith, Katherine Spindler, Megan Stanifer, Kanta Subbarao, Wesley Sundquist, Mehul Suthar, Troy Sutton, Andrew Tai, Vera Tarakanova, Benjamin tenOever, Scott Tibbetts, Stephen Tompkins, Zsolt Toth, Koenraad van Doorslaer, Marco Vignuzzi, Nicholas Wallace, Derek Walsh, Michael Weekes, Jason Weinberg, Matthew Weitzman, Sandra Weller, Sean Whelan, Elizabeth White, Bryan Williams, Christiane Wobus, Scott Wong, Andrew Yurochko

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

Abstract

Viruses have brought humanity many challenges: respiratory infection, cancer, neurological impairment and immunosuppression to name a few. Virology research over the last 601 years has responded to reduce this disease burden with vaccines and antivirals. Despite this long history, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the field of virology. Some of this attention is focused on concern about the safe conduct of research with human pathogens. A small but vocal group of individuals has seized upon these concerns - conflating legitimate questions about safely conducting virus-related research with uncertainties over the origins of SARS-CoV-2. The result has fueled public confusion and, in many instances, ill-informed condemnation of virology. With this article, we seek to promote a return to rational discourse. We explain the use of gain-of-function approaches in science, discuss the possible origins of SARS-CoV-2 and outline current regulatory structures that provide oversight for virological research in the United States. By offering our expertise, we - a broad group of working virologists - seek to aid policy makers in navigating these controversial issues. Balanced, evidence-based discourse is essential to addressing public concern while maintaining and expanding much-needed research in virology.

Original language	English
Journal	mBio
Volume	14
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00188-23
State	Published - Jan 2023

Keywords

COVID-19
Coronavirus
DURC
Gain of function
SARS-CoV-2
biosafety
influenza
pandemic
vaccines
zoonosis

Access to Document

10.1128/mbio.00188-23

Cite this

Goodrum, F., Lowen, A. C., Lakdawala, S., Alwine, J., Casadevall, A., Imperiale, M. J., Atwood, W., Avgousti, D., Baines, J., Banfield, B., Banks, L., Bhaduri-McIntosh, S., Bhattacharya, D., Blanco-Melo, D., Bloom, D., Boon, A., Boulant, S., Brandt, C., Broadbent, A., ... Yurochko, A. (2023). Virology under the Microscope-a Call for Rational Discourse. mBio, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00188-23

@article{fdce8b853d7742bea469e19bd7ba838c,

title = "Virology under the Microscope-a Call for Rational Discourse",

abstract = "Viruses have brought humanity many challenges: respiratory infection, cancer, neurological impairment and immunosuppression to name a few. Virology research over the last 601 years has responded to reduce this disease burden with vaccines and antivirals. Despite this long history, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the field of virology. Some of this attention is focused on concern about the safe conduct of research with human pathogens. A small but vocal group of individuals has seized upon these concerns - conflating legitimate questions about safely conducting virus-related research with uncertainties over the origins of SARS-CoV-2. The result has fueled public confusion and, in many instances, ill-informed condemnation of virology. With this article, we seek to promote a return to rational discourse. We explain the use of gain-of-function approaches in science, discuss the possible origins of SARS-CoV-2 and outline current regulatory structures that provide oversight for virological research in the United States. By offering our expertise, we - a broad group of working virologists - seek to aid policy makers in navigating these controversial issues. Balanced, evidence-based discourse is essential to addressing public concern while maintaining and expanding much-needed research in virology.",

keywords = "COVID-19, Coronavirus, DURC, Gain of function, SARS-CoV-2, biosafety, influenza, pandemic, vaccines, zoonosis",

author = "Felicia Goodrum and Lowen, {Anice C.} and Seema Lakdawala and James Alwine and Arturo Casadevall and Imperiale, {Michael J.} and Walter Atwood and Daphne Avgousti and Joel Baines and Bruce Banfield and Lawrence Banks and Sumita Bhaduri-McIntosh and Deepta Bhattacharya and Daniel Blanco-Melo and David Bloom and Adrianus Boon and Steeve Boulant and Curtis Brandt and Andrew Broadbent and Christopher Brooke and Craig Cameron and Samuel Campos and Patrizia Caposio and Gary Chan and Anna Cliffe and John Coffin and Kathleen Collins and Blossom Damania and Matthew Daugherty and Kari Debbink and James DeCaprio and Terence Dermody and Jimmy Dikeakos and Daniel DiMaio and Rhoel Dinglasan and Duprex, {W. Paul} and Rebecca Dutch and Nels Elde and Michael Emerman and Lynn Enquist and Bentley Fane and Ana Fernandez-Sesma and Michelle Flenniken and Lori Frappier and Matthew Frieman and Klaus Frueh and Michaela Gack and Marta Gaglia and Tom Gallagher and Denise Galloway and Adolfo Garc{\'i}a-Sastre and Adam Geballe and Britt Glaunsinger and Stephen Goff and Alexander Greninger and Meaghan Hancock and Eva Harris and Nicholas Heaton and Mark Heise and Ekaterina Heldwein and Brenda Hogue and Stacy Horner and Edward Hutchinson and Joseph Hyser and William Jackson and Robert Kalejta and Jeremy Kamil and Stephanie Karst and Frank Kirchhoff and David Knipe and Timothy Kowalik and Michael Lagunoff and Laimonis Laimins and Ryan Langlois and Adam Lauring and Benhur Lee and David Leib and Liu, {Shan Lu} and Richard Longnecker and Carolina Lopez and Micah Luftig and Jennifer Lund and Balaji Manicassamy and Grant McFadden and Michael McIntosh and Andrew Mehle and Miller, {W. Allen} and Ian Mohr and Cary Moody and Nathaniel Moorman and Anne Moscona and Bryan Mounce and Joshua Munger and Karl M{\"u}nger and Eain Murphy and Mojgan Naghavi and Jay Nelson and Christopher Neufeldt and Janko Nikolich and Christine O'Connor and Akira Ono and Walter Orenstein and David Ornelles and Ou, {Jing Hsiung} and John Parker and Colin Parrish and Andrew Pekosz and Philip Pellett and Julie Pfeiffer and Richard Plemper and Stephen Polyak and John Purdy and Dohun Pyeon and Miguel Quinones-Mateu and Rolf Renne and Charles Rice and John Schoggins and Richard Roller and Charles Russell and Rozanne Sandri-Goldin and Martin Sapp and Luis Schang and Scott Schmid and Stacey Schultz-Cherry and Bert Semler and Thomas Shenk and Guido Silvestri and Viviana Simon and Gregory Smith and Jason Smith and Katherine Spindler and Megan Stanifer and Kanta Subbarao and Wesley Sundquist and Mehul Suthar and Troy Sutton and Andrew Tai and Vera Tarakanova and Benjamin tenOever and Scott Tibbetts and Stephen Tompkins and Zsolt Toth and {van Doorslaer}, Koenraad and Marco Vignuzzi and Nicholas Wallace and Derek Walsh and Michael Weekes and Jason Weinberg and Matthew Weitzman and Sandra Weller and Sean Whelan and Elizabeth White and Bryan Williams and Christiane Wobus and Scott Wong and Andrew Yurochko",

note = "Funding Information: T.S.D.: Board of Directors, Burroughs Wellcome Fund; Editor, Annual Review of Virology. D.D. is on the scientific advisory board of Theriva. W.P.D. receives support from Moderna. M. F. receives funding from National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Gates Foundation, Aikido Pharma, Emergent, Astrazeneca, Novavax, Regeneron, and the CDC, outside the submitted work. M. F. received royalties/licenses from Aikido Pharma for antiviral drug patent licensing, consulting fees from Aikido Pharma, Observatory Group, for consulting for COVID-19, and participation on Scientific Advisory Board for Aikido Pharma, outside the submitted work. K.F. has substantial financial interest in Vir Biotechnology, Inc., and is a co-founder of the company. K.F. is co-inventor of patents licensed to Vir and receives compensation for consulting for Vir. The potential conflicts of interest have been reviewed and managed by OHSU. D.G. is on the HPV Global Advisory Board for Merck. The A.G.-S. laboratory has received research support from GSK, Pfizer, Senhwa Biosciences, Kenall Manufacturing, Blade Therapeutics, Avimex, Johnson & Johnson, Dynavax, 7Hills Pharma, Pharmamar, ImmunityBio, Accurius, Nanocomposix, Hexamer, N-fold LLC, Model Medicines, Atea Pharma, Applied Biological Laboratories and Merck. A.G.-S. has consulting agreements for the following companies involving cash and/or stock: Castlevax, Amovir, Vivaldi Biosciences, Contrafect, 7Hills Pharma, Avimex, Pagoda, Accurius, Esperovax, Farmak, Applied Biological Laboratories, Pharmamar, CureLab Oncology, CureLab Veterinary, Synairgen and Pfizer. A.G.-S. has been an invited speaker in meeting events organized by Seqirus, Janssen, Abbott and Astrazeneca. A.G.-S. is inventor on patents and patent applications on the use of antivirals and vaccines for the treatment and prevention of virus infections and cancer, owned by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York. B.A.G. is on the scientific advisory board for IMUNON. A.L.G. reports central testing contracts from Pfizer, Janssen, Novavax, Sanofi, Abbott, Hologic, Cepheid, and Quidel, and research support from Gilead.E.E.H.is co-founderof Thyreos Inc. E.C.H. has carried out research work in collaboration with AstraZeneca and received honoraria for consultancy work for the Center for Open Science and Seqirus. M.J.I. consults for Gilead Sciences and Via Nova Therapeutics. D.M.K. is a consultant, Replay Bio. T.K. receives funding from Moderna related to CMV. A.S.L. is a paid member of steering committee for clinical trial of baloxavir (Roche). A.C.L. is an inventor on the patent Influenza Vaccines and Uses Thereof, owned by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. G.M. is co-founder of a biotech company devoted to oncolytic virotherapy. W.A.M. is coinventor of a pending patent application on improved mRNA vaccines. A. Moscona is scientific founder of Thylacine Biotherapeutics, a startup company for antiviral therapeutics. J.A.N., Vir Biotechnology. W.A.O., uncompensated Funding Information: No funding was used to support this commentary, but we wish to disclose funding from agencies received by authors. JCA None WJA NIH DCA NIH JDB NIH BWB CIHR, NSERC LB Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, ICGEB SBM NIH DB NIH, Private Foundation DBM Private Foundation DCB NIH, Private Foundation ACB NIH SB None CRB NIH, NSF, Private Foundation AJB USDA, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), UK CBB NIH, DOD CEC NIH SKC NIH PC NIH AC NIH GCC NIH ARC NIH, Private Foundation JMC NIH KC NIH BD NIH MDD NIH, Burroughs Wellcome Investigators in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease Program KD None JAD NIH, Private Foundation TSD NIH, Private Foundation, Heinz Endowments JDD Canadian Institutes of Health Research and Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada DD NIH RRD NIH, USDA, Private Foundation WPD NIH, Zoetis LLC, Moderna, Coalition for Epidemics Preparedness Initiatives (CEPI) RED NIH NCE NIH, Howard Hughes Medical Institute ME NIH LWE None BAF NSF AFS NIH MLF NSF, USDA, Private Foundation LF Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) MBF NIH, Novavax, Astrazeneca, Pfizer, BARDA, Eli Lilly KF NIH, DOD, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation MUG NIH MMG NIH, Private Foundation TG NIH DG NIH, Private Foundation AG-S NIH, DOD, Private Foundation APG NIH BAG NIH, Howard Hughes Medical Institute SPG NIH, Private Foundation FG NIH ALG None MHH NIH EH NIH NSH NIH, DOD, Private Foundation MTH NIH EEH NIH, Private Foundation BGH NIH, NSF SMH NIH ECH UK Medical Research Council, UK Medical Research Council JMH NIH MJI NIH, Via Nova Therapeutics WTJ NIH RFK NIH JPK NIH SMK NIH FK German research foundation (DFG), European research council (ERC) DMK NIH TK NIH, Moderna ML NIH LL NIH SSL NIH RAL NIH ASL NIH, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Flu Lab, CDC BL NIH, NSF, Private Foundation DAL NIH SL NIH, Private donor's fund, Ohio State. startup fund RML NIH CBL NIH ACL NIH, Private Foundation MAL NIH JML NIH BM NIH GM NIH MTM NIH, DHS AMehle NIH, Private Foundation WAM NIH, Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University IM NIH CM NIH NJM NIH AMoscona NIH BCM NIH KM NIH JCM NIH EAM NIH MHN NIH JAN NIH CJN None JZN NIH CMO None AO NIH WAO NIH, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation DAO NIH, Private Foundation JHJO NIH JSP NIH CRP NIH, Private Foundation AP NIH, Private Foundation, CDC PEP NIH JKP NIH, Private Foundation RKP NIH, DOD, Gilead Sciences, Enanta Pharmaceuticals SJP None JGP NIH DP NIH, Private Foundation MQM NIH, Private Foundation RR NIH CMR NIH, Private Foundation RJR NIH CJR NIH RS-G NIH MS NIH LMS NIH, Cornell University, Private donors, Fast Grants SS None JWS NIH SSC NIH, Private Foundation BLS NIH TS NIH, DOD GS NIH, Private Foundation VS NIH, Private Foundation GAS NIH, USDA JGS NIH KRS NIH MLS start-up funds from the University of Florida KS Australian government, NHRMC WIS NIH MSS NIH TCS NIH, USDA AWT NIH VLT NIH, Private Foundation BT NIH, DOD, Private Foundation SAT NIH SMT NIH ZT NIH KVD NIH, Private Foundation MV None NAW NIH DW NIH MPW Medical Research Council, UK (MR/W025647/1); UKRI mpox research consortium (BB/X011143/1) JBW NIH MDW NIH SKW NIH EAW NIH, Private Foundation SPJW NIH, Private Foundation, USAID, Vir Biotechnology BRGW Private Foundation CEW NIH, University of Michigan SWW NIH ADY NIH. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2023 Goodrum et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.",

year = "2023",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1128/mbio.00188-23",

language = "English",

volume = "14",

journal = "mBio",

issn = "2161-2129",

publisher = "American Society for Microbiology",

number = "1",

}

Goodrum, F, Lowen, AC, Lakdawala, S, Alwine, J, Casadevall, A, Imperiale, MJ, Atwood, W, Avgousti, D, Baines, J, Banfield, B, Banks, L, Bhaduri-McIntosh, S, Bhattacharya, D, Blanco-Melo, D, Bloom, D, Boon, A, Boulant, S, Brandt, C, Broadbent, A, Brooke, C, Cameron, C, Campos, S, Caposio, P, Chan, G, Cliffe, A, Coffin, J, Collins, K, Damania, B, Daugherty, M, Debbink, K, DeCaprio, J, Dermody, T, Dikeakos, J, DiMaio, D, Dinglasan, R, Duprex, WP, Dutch, R, Elde, N, Emerman, M, Enquist, L, Fane, B, Fernandez-Sesma, A, Flenniken, M, Frappier, L, Frieman, M, Frueh, K, Gack, M, Gaglia, M, Gallagher, T, Galloway, D, García-Sastre, A, Geballe, A, Glaunsinger, B, Goff, S, Greninger, A, Hancock, M, Harris, E, Heaton, N, Heise, M, Heldwein, E, Hogue, B, Horner, S, Hutchinson, E, Hyser, J, Jackson, W, Kalejta, R, Kamil, J, Karst, S, Kirchhoff, F, Knipe, D, Kowalik, T, Lagunoff, M, Laimins, L, Langlois, R, Lauring, A, Lee, B, Leib, D, Liu, SL, Longnecker, R, Lopez, C, Luftig, M, Lund, J, Manicassamy, B, McFadden, G, McIntosh, M, Mehle, A, Miller, WA, Mohr, I, Moody, C, Moorman, N, Moscona, A, Mounce, B, Munger, J, Münger, K, Murphy, E, Naghavi, M, Nelson, J, Neufeldt, C, Nikolich, J, O'Connor, C, Ono, A, Orenstein, W, Ornelles, D, Ou, JH, Parker, J, Parrish, C, Pekosz, A, Pellett, P, Pfeiffer, J, Plemper, R, Polyak, S, Purdy, J, Pyeon, D, Quinones-Mateu, M, Renne, R, Rice, C, Schoggins, J, Roller, R, Russell, C, Sandri-Goldin, R, Sapp, M, Schang, L, Schmid, S, Schultz-Cherry, S, Semler, B, Shenk, T, Silvestri, G, Simon, V, Smith, G, Smith, J, Spindler, K, Stanifer, M, Subbarao, K, Sundquist, W, Suthar, M, Sutton, T, Tai, A, Tarakanova, V, tenOever, B, Tibbetts, S, Tompkins, S, Toth, Z, van Doorslaer, K, Vignuzzi, M, Wallace, N, Walsh, D, Weekes, M, Weinberg, J, Weitzman, M, Weller, S, Whelan, S, White, E, Williams, B, Wobus, C, Wong, S & Yurochko, A 2023, 'Virology under the Microscope-a Call for Rational Discourse', mBio, vol. 14, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00188-23

TY - JOUR

T1 - Virology under the Microscope-a Call for Rational Discourse

AU - Goodrum, Felicia

AU - Lowen, Anice C.

AU - Lakdawala, Seema

AU - Alwine, James

AU - Casadevall, Arturo

AU - Imperiale, Michael J.

AU - Atwood, Walter

AU - Avgousti, Daphne

AU - Baines, Joel

AU - Banfield, Bruce

AU - Banks, Lawrence

AU - Bhaduri-McIntosh, Sumita

AU - Bhattacharya, Deepta

AU - Blanco-Melo, Daniel

AU - Bloom, David

AU - Boon, Adrianus

AU - Boulant, Steeve

AU - Brandt, Curtis

AU - Broadbent, Andrew

AU - Brooke, Christopher

AU - Cameron, Craig

AU - Campos, Samuel

AU - Caposio, Patrizia

AU - Chan, Gary

AU - Cliffe, Anna

AU - Coffin, John

AU - Collins, Kathleen

AU - Damania, Blossom

AU - Daugherty, Matthew

AU - Debbink, Kari

AU - DeCaprio, James

AU - Dermody, Terence

AU - Dikeakos, Jimmy

AU - DiMaio, Daniel

AU - Dinglasan, Rhoel

AU - Duprex, W. Paul

AU - Dutch, Rebecca

AU - Elde, Nels

AU - Emerman, Michael

AU - Enquist, Lynn

AU - Fane, Bentley

AU - Fernandez-Sesma, Ana

AU - Flenniken, Michelle

AU - Frappier, Lori

AU - Frieman, Matthew

AU - Frueh, Klaus

AU - Gack, Michaela

AU - Gaglia, Marta

AU - Gallagher, Tom

AU - Galloway, Denise

AU - García-Sastre, Adolfo

AU - Geballe, Adam

AU - Glaunsinger, Britt

AU - Goff, Stephen

AU - Greninger, Alexander

AU - Hancock, Meaghan

AU - Harris, Eva

AU - Heaton, Nicholas

AU - Heise, Mark

AU - Heldwein, Ekaterina

AU - Hogue, Brenda

AU - Horner, Stacy

AU - Hutchinson, Edward

AU - Hyser, Joseph

AU - Jackson, William

AU - Kalejta, Robert

AU - Kamil, Jeremy

AU - Karst, Stephanie

AU - Kirchhoff, Frank

AU - Knipe, David

AU - Kowalik, Timothy

AU - Lagunoff, Michael

AU - Laimins, Laimonis

AU - Langlois, Ryan

AU - Lauring, Adam

AU - Lee, Benhur

AU - Leib, David

AU - Liu, Shan Lu

AU - Longnecker, Richard

AU - Lopez, Carolina

AU - Luftig, Micah

AU - Lund, Jennifer

AU - Manicassamy, Balaji

AU - McFadden, Grant

AU - McIntosh, Michael

AU - Mehle, Andrew

AU - Miller, W. Allen

AU - Mohr, Ian

AU - Moody, Cary

AU - Moorman, Nathaniel

AU - Moscona, Anne

AU - Mounce, Bryan

AU - Munger, Joshua

AU - Münger, Karl

AU - Murphy, Eain

AU - Naghavi, Mojgan

AU - Nelson, Jay

AU - Neufeldt, Christopher

AU - Nikolich, Janko

AU - O'Connor, Christine

AU - Ono, Akira

AU - Orenstein, Walter

AU - Ornelles, David

AU - Ou, Jing Hsiung

AU - Parker, John

AU - Parrish, Colin

AU - Pekosz, Andrew

AU - Pellett, Philip

AU - Pfeiffer, Julie

AU - Plemper, Richard

AU - Polyak, Stephen

AU - Purdy, John

AU - Pyeon, Dohun

AU - Quinones-Mateu, Miguel

AU - Renne, Rolf

AU - Rice, Charles

AU - Schoggins, John

AU - Roller, Richard

AU - Russell, Charles

AU - Sandri-Goldin, Rozanne

AU - Sapp, Martin

AU - Schang, Luis

AU - Schmid, Scott

AU - Schultz-Cherry, Stacey

AU - Semler, Bert

AU - Shenk, Thomas

AU - Silvestri, Guido

AU - Simon, Viviana

AU - Smith, Gregory

AU - Smith, Jason

AU - Spindler, Katherine

AU - Stanifer, Megan

AU - Subbarao, Kanta

AU - Sundquist, Wesley

AU - Suthar, Mehul

AU - Sutton, Troy

AU - Tai, Andrew

AU - Tarakanova, Vera

AU - tenOever, Benjamin

AU - Tibbetts, Scott

AU - Tompkins, Stephen

AU - Toth, Zsolt

AU - van Doorslaer, Koenraad

AU - Vignuzzi, Marco

AU - Wallace, Nicholas

AU - Walsh, Derek

AU - Weekes, Michael

AU - Weinberg, Jason

AU - Weitzman, Matthew

AU - Weller, Sandra

AU - Whelan, Sean

AU - White, Elizabeth

AU - Williams, Bryan

AU - Wobus, Christiane

AU - Wong, Scott

AU - Yurochko, Andrew

N1 - Funding Information: T.S.D.: Board of Directors, Burroughs Wellcome Fund; Editor, Annual Review of Virology. D.D. is on the scientific advisory board of Theriva. W.P.D. receives support from Moderna. M. F. receives funding from National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Gates Foundation, Aikido Pharma, Emergent, Astrazeneca, Novavax, Regeneron, and the CDC, outside the submitted work. M. F. received royalties/licenses from Aikido Pharma for antiviral drug patent licensing, consulting fees from Aikido Pharma, Observatory Group, for consulting for COVID-19, and participation on Scientific Advisory Board for Aikido Pharma, outside the submitted work. K.F. has substantial financial interest in Vir Biotechnology, Inc., and is a co-founder of the company. K.F. is co-inventor of patents licensed to Vir and receives compensation for consulting for Vir. The potential conflicts of interest have been reviewed and managed by OHSU. D.G. is on the HPV Global Advisory Board for Merck. The A.G.-S. laboratory has received research support from GSK, Pfizer, Senhwa Biosciences, Kenall Manufacturing, Blade Therapeutics, Avimex, Johnson & Johnson, Dynavax, 7Hills Pharma, Pharmamar, ImmunityBio, Accurius, Nanocomposix, Hexamer, N-fold LLC, Model Medicines, Atea Pharma, Applied Biological Laboratories and Merck. A.G.-S. has consulting agreements for the following companies involving cash and/or stock: Castlevax, Amovir, Vivaldi Biosciences, Contrafect, 7Hills Pharma, Avimex, Pagoda, Accurius, Esperovax, Farmak, Applied Biological Laboratories, Pharmamar, CureLab Oncology, CureLab Veterinary, Synairgen and Pfizer. A.G.-S. has been an invited speaker in meeting events organized by Seqirus, Janssen, Abbott and Astrazeneca. A.G.-S. is inventor on patents and patent applications on the use of antivirals and vaccines for the treatment and prevention of virus infections and cancer, owned by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York. B.A.G. is on the scientific advisory board for IMUNON. A.L.G. reports central testing contracts from Pfizer, Janssen, Novavax, Sanofi, Abbott, Hologic, Cepheid, and Quidel, and research support from Gilead.E.E.H.is co-founderof Thyreos Inc. E.C.H. has carried out research work in collaboration with AstraZeneca and received honoraria for consultancy work for the Center for Open Science and Seqirus. M.J.I. consults for Gilead Sciences and Via Nova Therapeutics. D.M.K. is a consultant, Replay Bio. T.K. receives funding from Moderna related to CMV. A.S.L. is a paid member of steering committee for clinical trial of baloxavir (Roche). A.C.L. is an inventor on the patent Influenza Vaccines and Uses Thereof, owned by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. G.M. is co-founder of a biotech company devoted to oncolytic virotherapy. W.A.M. is coinventor of a pending patent application on improved mRNA vaccines. A. Moscona is scientific founder of Thylacine Biotherapeutics, a startup company for antiviral therapeutics. J.A.N., Vir Biotechnology. W.A.O., uncompensated Funding Information: No funding was used to support this commentary, but we wish to disclose funding from agencies received by authors. JCA None WJA NIH DCA NIH JDB NIH BWB CIHR, NSERC LB Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, ICGEB SBM NIH DB NIH, Private Foundation DBM Private Foundation DCB NIH, Private Foundation ACB NIH SB None CRB NIH, NSF, Private Foundation AJB USDA, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), UK CBB NIH, DOD CEC NIH SKC NIH PC NIH AC NIH GCC NIH ARC NIH, Private Foundation JMC NIH KC NIH BD NIH MDD NIH, Burroughs Wellcome Investigators in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease Program KD None JAD NIH, Private Foundation TSD NIH, Private Foundation, Heinz Endowments JDD Canadian Institutes of Health Research and Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada DD NIH RRD NIH, USDA, Private Foundation WPD NIH, Zoetis LLC, Moderna, Coalition for Epidemics Preparedness Initiatives (CEPI) RED NIH NCE NIH, Howard Hughes Medical Institute ME NIH LWE None BAF NSF AFS NIH MLF NSF, USDA, Private Foundation LF Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) MBF NIH, Novavax, Astrazeneca, Pfizer, BARDA, Eli Lilly KF NIH, DOD, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation MUG NIH MMG NIH, Private Foundation TG NIH DG NIH, Private Foundation AG-S NIH, DOD, Private Foundation APG NIH BAG NIH, Howard Hughes Medical Institute SPG NIH, Private Foundation FG NIH ALG None MHH NIH EH NIH NSH NIH, DOD, Private Foundation MTH NIH EEH NIH, Private Foundation BGH NIH, NSF SMH NIH ECH UK Medical Research Council, UK Medical Research Council JMH NIH MJI NIH, Via Nova Therapeutics WTJ NIH RFK NIH JPK NIH SMK NIH FK German research foundation (DFG), European research council (ERC) DMK NIH TK NIH, Moderna ML NIH LL NIH SSL NIH RAL NIH ASL NIH, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Flu Lab, CDC BL NIH, NSF, Private Foundation DAL NIH SL NIH, Private donor's fund, Ohio State. startup fund RML NIH CBL NIH ACL NIH, Private Foundation MAL NIH JML NIH BM NIH GM NIH MTM NIH, DHS AMehle NIH, Private Foundation WAM NIH, Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University IM NIH CM NIH NJM NIH AMoscona NIH BCM NIH KM NIH JCM NIH EAM NIH MHN NIH JAN NIH CJN None JZN NIH CMO None AO NIH WAO NIH, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation DAO NIH, Private Foundation JHJO NIH JSP NIH CRP NIH, Private Foundation AP NIH, Private Foundation, CDC PEP NIH JKP NIH, Private Foundation RKP NIH, DOD, Gilead Sciences, Enanta Pharmaceuticals SJP None JGP NIH DP NIH, Private Foundation MQM NIH, Private Foundation RR NIH CMR NIH, Private Foundation RJR NIH CJR NIH RS-G NIH MS NIH LMS NIH, Cornell University, Private donors, Fast Grants SS None JWS NIH SSC NIH, Private Foundation BLS NIH TS NIH, DOD GS NIH, Private Foundation VS NIH, Private Foundation GAS NIH, USDA JGS NIH KRS NIH MLS start-up funds from the University of Florida KS Australian government, NHRMC WIS NIH MSS NIH TCS NIH, USDA AWT NIH VLT NIH, Private Foundation BT NIH, DOD, Private Foundation SAT NIH SMT NIH ZT NIH KVD NIH, Private Foundation MV None NAW NIH DW NIH MPW Medical Research Council, UK (MR/W025647/1); UKRI mpox research consortium (BB/X011143/1) JBW NIH MDW NIH SKW NIH EAW NIH, Private Foundation SPJW NIH, Private Foundation, USAID, Vir Biotechnology BRGW Private Foundation CEW NIH, University of Michigan SWW NIH ADY NIH. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2023 Goodrum et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

PY - 2023/1

Y1 - 2023/1

N2 - Viruses have brought humanity many challenges: respiratory infection, cancer, neurological impairment and immunosuppression to name a few. Virology research over the last 601 years has responded to reduce this disease burden with vaccines and antivirals. Despite this long history, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the field of virology. Some of this attention is focused on concern about the safe conduct of research with human pathogens. A small but vocal group of individuals has seized upon these concerns - conflating legitimate questions about safely conducting virus-related research with uncertainties over the origins of SARS-CoV-2. The result has fueled public confusion and, in many instances, ill-informed condemnation of virology. With this article, we seek to promote a return to rational discourse. We explain the use of gain-of-function approaches in science, discuss the possible origins of SARS-CoV-2 and outline current regulatory structures that provide oversight for virological research in the United States. By offering our expertise, we - a broad group of working virologists - seek to aid policy makers in navigating these controversial issues. Balanced, evidence-based discourse is essential to addressing public concern while maintaining and expanding much-needed research in virology.

AB - Viruses have brought humanity many challenges: respiratory infection, cancer, neurological impairment and immunosuppression to name a few. Virology research over the last 601 years has responded to reduce this disease burden with vaccines and antivirals. Despite this long history, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the field of virology. Some of this attention is focused on concern about the safe conduct of research with human pathogens. A small but vocal group of individuals has seized upon these concerns - conflating legitimate questions about safely conducting virus-related research with uncertainties over the origins of SARS-CoV-2. The result has fueled public confusion and, in many instances, ill-informed condemnation of virology. With this article, we seek to promote a return to rational discourse. We explain the use of gain-of-function approaches in science, discuss the possible origins of SARS-CoV-2 and outline current regulatory structures that provide oversight for virological research in the United States. By offering our expertise, we - a broad group of working virologists - seek to aid policy makers in navigating these controversial issues. Balanced, evidence-based discourse is essential to addressing public concern while maintaining and expanding much-needed research in virology.

KW - COVID-19

KW - Coronavirus

KW - DURC

KW - Gain of function

KW - SARS-CoV-2

KW - biosafety

KW - influenza

KW - pandemic

KW - vaccines

KW - zoonosis

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85149154376&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1128/mbio.00188-23

DO - 10.1128/mbio.00188-23

M3 - Review article

C2 - 36700642

AN - SCOPUS:85149154376

SN - 2161-2129

VL - 14

JO - mBio

JF - mBio

IS - 1

ER -

Virology under the Microscope-a Call for Rational Discourse

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