Unraveling the MSG-Headache Controversy: an Updated Literature Review

Purpose of Review: To review the evidence and role of monosodium glutamate (MSG) as a headache and migraine trigger. Recent Findings: MSG is a common food additive, has widely been linked as a trigger of headache, as well as other symptoms. However, the evidence for MSG as a causative agent for headache is debated. Various clinical trials over the past several decades have reported conflicting results, with studies suggesting that MSG does and does not increase the incidence of headache. However, the dosages of MSG exposure are often inconsistent across studies, with many studies administering a dose significantly higher than the average consumption. Additionally, there are misconceptions about which foods and cuisines have MSG in them. Summary: MSG could be a potential trigger for migraine and headaches. It is unclear exactly how MSG plays into the migraine pathophysiology. It’s crucial to accurately determine if MSG is present in one’s diet to evaluate its potential impact on headaches.