@article{9979a8bc03c940e68733508aeb31994c,
title = "Ultra-high field MTR and qR2∗ differentiates subpial cortical lesions from normal-appearing gray matter in multiple sclerosis",
abstract = "Background: Cortical gray matter (GM) demyelination is frequent and clinically relevant in multiple sclerosis (MS). Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) sequences such as magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and quantitative R2∗ (qR2∗) can capture pathological subtleties missed by conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences. Although differences in MTR and qR2∗ have been reported between lesional and non-lesional tissue, differences between lesion types or lesion types and myelin density matched normal-appearing gray matter (NAGM) have not been found or investigated. Objective: Identify quantitative differences in histopathologically verified GM lesion types and matched NAGM at ultra-high field strength. Methods: Using 7T post-mortem MRI, MRI lesions were marked on T2 images and co-registered to the calculated MTR and qR2∗ maps for further evaluation. In all, 15 brain slices were collected, containing a total of 74 cortical GM lesions and 45 areas of NAGM. Results: Intracortical lesions had lower MTR and qR2∗ values compared to NAGM. Type I lesions showed lower MTR than type III lesions. Type III lesions showed lower MTR than matched NAGM, and type I and IV lesions showed lower qR2∗ than matched NAGM. Conclusion: qMRI at 7T can provide additional information on extent of cortical pathology, especially concerning subpial lesions. This may be relevant for monitoring disease progression and potential treatment effects.",
keywords = "7T MRI, MTR, cortical lesions, histopathology, multiple sclerosis, qR2∗",
author = "Jonkman, {Laura E.} and Lazar Fleysher and Steenwijk, {Martijn D.} and Koeleman, {Jan A.} and {De Snoo}, {Teun Pieter} and Frederik Barkhof and Matilde Inglese and Geurts, {Jeroen J.G.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the Dutch MS Research Foundation (grant no. 09-358b) and National Multiple Sclerosis Society, USA (RG 4916A2/1) to M.I. and J.J.G.G. and Noto Foundation to M.I. Funding Information: Laura E Jonkman, Lazar Fleysher, Martijn D Steenwijk, Jan A Koeleman, and Teun-Pieter de Snoo have nothing to disclose. Frederik Barkhof serves on the editorial boards of Brain, European Radiology, Neuroradiology, Multiple Sclerosis Journal, and Radiology; and serves as a consultant for Bayer-Schering Pharma, Sanofi-Aventis, Biogen Idec, Teva, Novartis, Roche, Synthon BV, and Jansen Research. Matilde Inglese serves on the editorial board of Multiple Sclerosis International, The World Journal of Radiology, and Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, and the Scientific Advisory Board of the Italian MS Society; and has served as a consultant for Celgene Cellular Therapeutics and Vaccinex, Inc. Matilde Inglese has received research grant support from National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS), Novartis Pharmaceuticals, and Teva Neurosciences. Jeroen JG Geurts is an editor for Multiple Sclerosis Journal, associate editor for BMC Neurology, and serves on the editorial boards of Neurology and Multiple Sclerosis International; he is a member of the scientific advisory board of the Dutch MS Research Foundation and the MS Society of Canada, and a scientific steering committee member of the International Progressive MS Alliance; he has served as a consultant for MerckSerono, Novartis, Biogen Idec, Genzyme, and Teva Pharmaceuticals. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s), 2015.",
year = "2016",
month = sep,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1177/1352458515620499",
language = "English",
volume = "22",
pages = "1306--1314",
journal = "Multiple Sclerosis Journal",
issn = "1352-4585",
publisher = "SAGE Publications Ltd",
number = "10",
}