Tricuspid Valve Imaging and Intervention in Pediatric and Adult Patients With Congenital Heart Disease

Tricuspid valve abnormalities in congenital heart disease comprise a wide spectrum, with the most common being Ebstein anomaly and tricuspid valve dysplasia. Tricuspid valve dysfunction may also be secondary to other types of congenital heart disease, including functional tricuspid regurgitation seen in right heart volume overload conditions, such as atrial septal defect and repaired tetralogy of Fallot with severe pulmonary valve regurgitation. Congenitally corrected transposition and Mustard and Senning procedures maintain the right ventricle as the systemic ventricle, and the tricuspid valve is subject to unique hemodynamic stress not typically seen in normal circulation. Surgical treatment of tricuspid valve disease remains the mainstay of therapy; primary catheter-based interventions are uncommon. However, once a tricuspid valve has been replaced with a bioprosthesis, the patient may be a candidate for tricuspid valve-in-valve catheter-based replacement.