Transgenesis: A modern reproductive biotechnology in animals of zootechnical interest

Continuous advances in the understanding of molecular biology have allowed great progress of science, through genetic modification of viruses, bacteria and higher organisms. These highly complex procedures that include genetic engineering enable to identify, reproduce, modify and transfer genetic material into cells, tissues or organisms. In turn, modern reproductive techniques that have managed to gradually increase their efficiency in recent years (artificial insemination, hormonal synchronization of estrus, fertilization "in vitro", assisted fertilization, embryo transfer, cloning, etc.) are essential tools for continue advancing in new research concerning genetic modification in animals. The various methodologies used to carry out transgenesis in animals of zootechnical interest are briefly described.