TY - JOUR
T1 - Trace analysis of mono-, di-, tri-substituted polyfluoroalkyl phosphates and perfluorinated phosphonic acids in sewage sludge by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
AU - Liu, Runzeng
AU - Ruan, Ting
AU - Wang, Thanh
AU - Song, Shanjun
AU - Yu, Miao
AU - Gao, Yan
AU - Shao, Junjuan
AU - Jiang, Guibin
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation ( 21207140 , 20890110 , 20621703 , and 21177147 ) and the National Basic Research Program of China ( 2009CB421605 ). Further support was given by the External Cooperation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences Grant no. GJHZ1202 . Appendix A
PY - 2013/7/15
Y1 - 2013/7/15
N2 - A new method using ultrasonic extraction and solid phase extraction (SPE) clean-up pretreatments was developed for the analysis of mono-, di- and tri-substituted polyfluoroalkyl phosphates (abbreviated as mono-PAPs, di-PAPs and tri-PAPs) and perfluorinated phosphonic acids (PFPAs) in sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). For the ultrasonic extraction of three mono-PAPs, three di-PAPs and three PFPAs in sludge samples, a mixture of tetrahydrofuran/acetic acid (1:1, v/v) was found to be the most suitable extraction solvent. The subsequently optimized clean-up and enrichment procedures were carried out with weak anion exchange (WAX) cartridges in-line coupled with graphitized carbon black (ENVI-Carb) tubes. Two tri-PAPs were ultrasonically extracted by acetoni-trile/tetrahydrofuran (1:1, v/v) and cleaned by mixed-mode anion exchange (MAX) in-line coupled with ENVI-Carb cartridges. The analytes were analyzed by optimized high performance liquid chromato-graphy tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method either in negative or positive ionization mode. The method quantification limits (MQLs) of the 11 analytes in sludge ranged from 0.6 to 5.1 ng/g, meanwhile the total recoveries of the pretreatment varied from 24% (6:2 mono-PAP) to 107% (PFDPA). The method was successfully applied to analyze 16 sewage sludge samples collected from seven provinces in China, and two mono-PAPs were identified with concentrations ranging from < MQLs to 10.7 ng/g.
AB - A new method using ultrasonic extraction and solid phase extraction (SPE) clean-up pretreatments was developed for the analysis of mono-, di- and tri-substituted polyfluoroalkyl phosphates (abbreviated as mono-PAPs, di-PAPs and tri-PAPs) and perfluorinated phosphonic acids (PFPAs) in sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). For the ultrasonic extraction of three mono-PAPs, three di-PAPs and three PFPAs in sludge samples, a mixture of tetrahydrofuran/acetic acid (1:1, v/v) was found to be the most suitable extraction solvent. The subsequently optimized clean-up and enrichment procedures were carried out with weak anion exchange (WAX) cartridges in-line coupled with graphitized carbon black (ENVI-Carb) tubes. Two tri-PAPs were ultrasonically extracted by acetoni-trile/tetrahydrofuran (1:1, v/v) and cleaned by mixed-mode anion exchange (MAX) in-line coupled with ENVI-Carb cartridges. The analytes were analyzed by optimized high performance liquid chromato-graphy tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method either in negative or positive ionization mode. The method quantification limits (MQLs) of the 11 analytes in sludge ranged from 0.6 to 5.1 ng/g, meanwhile the total recoveries of the pretreatment varied from 24% (6:2 mono-PAP) to 107% (PFDPA). The method was successfully applied to analyze 16 sewage sludge samples collected from seven provinces in China, and two mono-PAPs were identified with concentrations ranging from < MQLs to 10.7 ng/g.
KW - Perfluorinated phosphonic acids
KW - Polyfluoroalkyl phosphates
KW - Sewage sludge
KW - Solid phase extraction
KW - Ultrasonic extraction
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84891402987&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.02.063
DO - 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.02.063
M3 - Article
C2 - 23622541
AN - SCOPUS:84891402987
SN - 0039-9140
VL - 111
SP - 170
EP - 177
JO - Talanta
JF - Talanta
ER -