TY - JOUR
T1 - Tourette's disorder and related problems
T2 - A review and update
AU - Coffey, Barbara J.
AU - Miguel, Euripides C.
AU - Savage, Cary R.
AU - Rauch, Scott L.
PY - 1994
Y1 - 1994
N2 - Tourette's disorder is a complex, multifaceted condition of neurological origin with psychiatric symptomatology characterized by multiple motor and vocal tics. It begins during childhood and has a waxing and waning course. Coexisting obsessive-compulsive symptoms, attentional problems, and other behavioral features are common. Pathophysiology involves dysfunction in basal ganglia and related corticothalamic circuits. Many patients who present in clinical settings have mild to moderate symptoms and require only education, monitoring, and long-term follow-up. Those with more-severe symptoms require treatment, typically including both pharmacotherapy and nonmedication approaches. In addition to traditional neuroleptic treatment, a variety of agents such as clonidine, serotonin-reuptake inhibitors, and tricyclic antidepressants can be used. Further investigation is needed in a variety of areas, including longitudinal follow-up studies of children, adolescents, and adults with Tourette's disorder; systematic investigation of psychiatric comorbidity and the heterogeneity of the disorder; clarification of the phenomenological similarities and differences between Tourette's disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder; and neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies of Tourette's disorder and related problems.
AB - Tourette's disorder is a complex, multifaceted condition of neurological origin with psychiatric symptomatology characterized by multiple motor and vocal tics. It begins during childhood and has a waxing and waning course. Coexisting obsessive-compulsive symptoms, attentional problems, and other behavioral features are common. Pathophysiology involves dysfunction in basal ganglia and related corticothalamic circuits. Many patients who present in clinical settings have mild to moderate symptoms and require only education, monitoring, and long-term follow-up. Those with more-severe symptoms require treatment, typically including both pharmacotherapy and nonmedication approaches. In addition to traditional neuroleptic treatment, a variety of agents such as clonidine, serotonin-reuptake inhibitors, and tricyclic antidepressants can be used. Further investigation is needed in a variety of areas, including longitudinal follow-up studies of children, adolescents, and adults with Tourette's disorder; systematic investigation of psychiatric comorbidity and the heterogeneity of the disorder; clarification of the phenomenological similarities and differences between Tourette's disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder; and neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies of Tourette's disorder and related problems.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0028024036&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3109/10673229409017128
DO - 10.3109/10673229409017128
M3 - Review article
C2 - 9384893
AN - SCOPUS:0028024036
SN - 1067-3229
VL - 2
SP - 121
EP - 132
JO - Harvard Review of Psychiatry
JF - Harvard Review of Psychiatry
IS - 3
ER -