Abstract
The incidence of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancers has markedly increased due to wide use of diagnostic imaging. Incidental detection of nodules requires ultrasound evaluation, lab testing, and possible fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Prognosis and treatment are driven by the subtype of thyroid cancer (differentiated, anaplastic, and medullary) and extent of disease. Patients with benign thyroid nodules have an excellent prognosis, as do patients with low-risk, localized, differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid surgery remains the first-line therapy for localized disease. Radioactive iodine therapy (RAI) can be used to treat remnant or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer, and levothyroxine is used to suppress thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Further monitoring is based on risk stratification to predict the likelihood of disease recurrence. Surgery, radiation, and systemic therapy can be utilized for progression of disease..
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Netter's Integrated Review of Medicine |
| Subtitle of host publication | Pathogenesis to Treatment |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Pages | 657-662 |
| Number of pages | 6 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9780323479387 |
| ISBN (Print) | 9780443378621 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 1 Jan 2020 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Bethesda system
- differentiated thyroid cancer
- incidental nodule
- papillary
- radioactive iodine
- radionuclide scan
- thyroid cancer
- thyroid nodule
- thyroid stimulating hormone/thyrotropin
- thyroidectomy
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