The role of Mig, the monokine induced by interferon-γ, and IP-10, the interferon-γ-inducible protein-10, in tissue necrosis and vascular damage associated with Epstein-Barr virus-positive lymphoproliferative disease

The mechanisms of tissue necrosis and vascular damage characteristics of certain Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoproliferative disorders are unknown. The CXC chemokines interferon-γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10)and the monokine induced by interferon-γ (Mig) caused tissue necrosis and vascular damage in Burkitt's lymphoma tumors established in nude mice. We report higher levels of IP-10 and Mig gene expression in tissues with necrosis and vascular damage from EBV-positive lymphomatoid granulomatosis and nasal or nasal-type T/natural killer (NK)-cell lymphomas compared with tissues with lymphoid hyperplasia, which lacked tissue necrosis and vascular damage. By immunohistochemistry, Mig and IP-10 proteins localized with similar patterns in viable tissue surrounding dead tissue, mostly within endothelial cells, monocyte/macrophages, and lymphocytes. Circulating levels of IP-10 were abnormally elevated in patients with EBV-positive lymphomatoid granulomatosis and nasal or nasal-type T/NK-cell lymphomas. These experiments provide the first description of the presence of Mig in any human normal or diseased tissue and the first description of IP-10 in curtain lymphoproliferative lesions. These data suggest that Mig and IP-10 play an important role in the pathogenesis of tissue necrosis and vascular damage associated with certain EBV-positive lymphoproliferative processes.