The on-orbit calibration of the Fermi Large Area Telescope

A. A. Abdo; M. Ackermann; M. Ajello; J. Ampe; B. Anderson; W. B. Atwood; M. Axelsson; R. Bagagli; L. Baldini; J. Ballet; G. Barbiellini; J. Bartelt; D. Bastieri; B. M. Baughman; K. Bechtol; D. Bédérède; F. Bellardi; R. Bellazzini; F. Belli; B. Berenji; D. Bisello; E. Bissaldi; E. D. Bloom; G. Bogaert; J. R. Bogart; E. Bonamente; A. W. Borgland; P. Bourgeois; A. Bouvier; J. Bregeon; A. Brez; M. Brigida; P. Bruel; T. H. Burnett; G. Busetto; G. A. Caliandro; R. A. Cameron; M. Campell; P. A. Caraveo; S. Carius; P. Carlson; J. M. Casandjian; E. Cavazzuti; M. Ceccanti; C. Cecchi; E. Charles; A. Chekhtman; C. C. Cheung; J. Chiang; R. Chipaux; A. N. Cillis; S. Ciprini; R. Claus; J. Cohen-Tanugi; S. Condamoor; J. Conrad; R. Corbet; S. Cutini; D. S. Davis; M. DeKlotz; C. D. Dermer; A. de Angelis; F. de Palma; S. W. Digel; P. Dizon; M. Dormody; E. do Couto e Silva; P. S. Drell; R. Dubois; D. Dumora; Y. Edmonds; D. Fabiani; C. Farnier; C. Favuzzi; E. C. Ferrara; O. Ferreira; Z. Fewtrell; D. L. Flath; P. Fleury; W. B. Focke; K. Fouts; M. Frailis; D. Freytag; Y. Fukazawa; S. Funk; P. Fusco; F. Gargano; D. Gasparrini; N. Gehrels; S. Germani; B. Giebels; N. Giglietto; F. Giordano; T. Glanzman; G. Godfrey; J. Goodman; I. A. Grenier; M. H. Grondin; J. E. Grove; L. Guillemot; S. Guiriec; M. Hakimi; G. Haller; Y. Hanabata; P. A. Hart; P. Hascall; E. Hays; M. Huffer; R. E. Hughes; G. Jóhannesson; A. S. Johnson; R. P. Johnson; T. J. Johnson; W. N. Johnson; T. Kamae; H. Katagiri; J. Kataoka; A. Kavelaars; H. Kelly; M. Kerr; W. Klamra; J. Knödlseder; M. L. Kocian; F. Kuehn; M. Kuss; L. Latronico; C. Lavalley; B. Leas; B. Lee; S. H. Lee; M. Lemoine-Goumard; F. Longo; F. Loparco; B. Lott; M. N. Lovellette; P. Lubrano; D. K. Lung; G. M. Madejski; A. Makeev; B. Marangelli; M. Marchetti; M. M. Massai; D. May; G. Mazzenga; M. N. Mazziotta; J. E. McEnery; S. McGlynn; C. Meurer; P. F. Michelson; M. Minuti; N. Mirizzi; P. Mitra; W. Mitthumsiri; T. Mizuno; A. A. Moiseev; M. Mongelli; C. Monte; M. E. Monzani; E. Moretti; A. Morselli; I. V. Moskalenko; S. Murgia; D. Nelson; L. Nilsson; S. Nishino; P. L. Nolan; E. Nuss; M. Ohno; T. Ohsugi; N. Omodei; E. Orlando; J. F. Ormes; M. Ozaki; A. Paccagnella; D. Paneque; J. H. Panetta; D. Parent; V. Pelassa; M. Pepe; M. Pesce-Rollins; P. Picozza; M. Pinchera; F. Piron; T. A. Porter; S. Rainò; R. Rando; E. Rapposelli; W. Raynor; M. Razzano; A. Reimer; O. Reimer; T. Reposeur; L. C. Reyes; S. Ritz; S. Robinson; L. S. Rochester; A. Y. Rodriguez; R. W. Romani; M. Roth; F. Ryde; A. Sacchetti; H. F.W. Sadrozinski; N. Saggini; D. Sanchez; A. Sander; L. Sapozhnikov; O. H. Saxton; P. M. Saz Parkinson; A. Sellerholm; C. Sgrò; E. J. Siskind; D. A. Smith; P. D. Smith; G. Spandre; P. Spinelli; J. L. Starck; T. E. Stephens; M. S. Strickman; A. W. Strong; M. Sugizaki; D. J. Suson; H. Tajima; H. Takahashi; T. Takahashi; T. Tanaka; A. Tenze; J. B. Thayer; J. G. Thayer; D. J. Thompson; L. Tibaldo; O. Tibolla; D. F. Torres; G. Tosti; A. Tramacere; M. Turri; T. L. Usher; N. Vilchez; N. Virmani; V. Vitale; L. L. Wai; A. P. Waite; P. Wang; B. L. Winer; D. L. Wood; K. S. Wood; H. Yasuda; T. Ylinen; M. Ziegler

doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2009.08.002

The on-orbit calibration of the Fermi Large Area Telescope

A. A. Abdo, M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, J. Ampe, B. Anderson, W. B. Atwood, M. Axelsson, R. Bagagli, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, J. Bartelt, D. Bastieri, B. M. Baughman, K. Bechtol, D. Bédérède, F. Bellardi, R. Bellazzini, F. Belli, B. BerenjiD. Bisello, E. Bissaldi, E. D. Bloom, G. Bogaert, J. R. Bogart, E. Bonamente, A. W. Borgland, P. Bourgeois, A. Bouvier, J. Bregeon, A. Brez, M. Brigida, P. Bruel, T. H. Burnett, G. Busetto, G. A. Caliandro, R. A. Cameron, M. Campell, P. A. Caraveo, S. Carius, P. Carlson, J. M. Casandjian, E. Cavazzuti, M. Ceccanti, C. Cecchi, E. Charles, A. Chekhtman, C. C. Cheung, J. Chiang, R. Chipaux, A. N. Cillis, S. Ciprini, R. Claus, J. Cohen-Tanugi, S. Condamoor, J. Conrad, R. Corbet, S. Cutini, D. S. Davis, M. DeKlotz, C. D. Dermer, A. de Angelis, F. de Palma, S. W. Digel, P. Dizon, M. Dormody, E. do Couto e Silva, P. S. Drell, R. Dubois, D. Dumora, Y. Edmonds, D. Fabiani, C. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, E. C. Ferrara, O. Ferreira, Z. Fewtrell, D. L. Flath, P. Fleury, W. B. Focke, K. Fouts, M. Frailis, D. Freytag, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Gehrels, S. Germani, B. Giebels, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, T. Glanzman, G. Godfrey, J. Goodman, I. A. Grenier, M. H. Grondin, J. E. Grove, L. Guillemot, S. Guiriec, M. Hakimi, G. Haller, Y. Hanabata, P. A. Hart, P. Hascall, E. Hays, M. Huffer, R. E. Hughes, G. Jóhannesson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Johnson, T. Kamae, H. Katagiri, J. Kataoka, A. Kavelaars, H. Kelly, M. Kerr, W. Klamra, J. Knödlseder, M. L. Kocian, F. Kuehn, M. Kuss, L. Latronico, C. Lavalley, B. Leas, B. Lee, S. H. Lee, M. Lemoine-Goumard, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, D. K. Lung, G. M. Madejski, A. Makeev, B. Marangelli, M. Marchetti, M. M. Massai, D. May, G. Mazzenga, M. N. Mazziotta, J. E. McEnery, S. McGlynn, C. Meurer, P. F. Michelson, M. Minuti, N. Mirizzi, P. Mitra, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, A. A. Moiseev, M. Mongelli, C. Monte, M. E. Monzani, E. Moretti, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, S. Murgia, D. Nelson, L. Nilsson, S. Nishino, P. L. Nolan, E. Nuss, M. Ohno, T. Ohsugi, N. Omodei, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, M. Ozaki, A. Paccagnella, D. Paneque, J. H. Panetta, D. Parent, V. Pelassa, M. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, P. Picozza, M. Pinchera, F. Piron, T. A. Porter, S. Rainò, R. Rando, E. Rapposelli, W. Raynor, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, T. Reposeur, L. C. Reyes, S. Ritz, S. Robinson, L. S. Rochester, A. Y. Rodriguez, R. W. Romani, M. Roth, F. Ryde, A. Sacchetti, H. F.W. Sadrozinski, N. Saggini, D. Sanchez, A. Sander, L. Sapozhnikov, O. H. Saxton, P. M. Saz Parkinson, A. Sellerholm, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, D. A. Smith, P. D. Smith, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, J. L. Starck, T. E. Stephens, M. S. Strickman, A. W. Strong, M. Sugizaki, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, H. Takahashi, T. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, A. Tenze, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, L. Tibaldo, O. Tibolla, D. F. Torres, G. Tosti, A. Tramacere, M. Turri, T. L. Usher, N. Vilchez, N. Virmani, V. Vitale, L. L. Wai, A. P. Waite, P. Wang, B. L. Winer, D. L. Wood, K. S. Wood, H. Yasuda, T. Ylinen, M. Ziegler

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

159 Scopus citations

Abstract

The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on-board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope began its on-orbit operations on June 23, 2008. Calibrations, defined in a generic sense, correspond to synchronization of trigger signals, optimization of delays for latching data, determination of detector thresholds, gains and responses, evaluation of the perimeter of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), measurements of live time, of absolute time, and internal and spacecraft boresight alignments. Here we describe on-orbit calibration results obtained using known astrophysical sources, galactic cosmic rays, and charge injection into the front-end electronics of each detector. Instrument response functions will be described in a separate publication. This paper demonstrates the stability of calibrations and describes minor changes observed since launch. These results have been used to calibrate the LAT datasets to be publicly released in August 2009.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	193-219
Number of pages	27
Journal	Astroparticle Physics
Volume	32
Issue number	3-4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2009.08.002
State	Published - 2009
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Calibrations
FGST
Fermi
GLAST
Gamma-ray
LAT
Telescope

Access to Document

10.1016/j.astropartphys.2009.08.002

Cite this

Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Ampe, J., Anderson, B., Atwood, W. B., Axelsson, M., Bagagli, R., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bartelt, J., Bastieri, D., Baughman, B. M., Bechtol, K., Bédérède, D., Bellardi, F., Bellazzini, R., Belli, F., ... Ziegler, M. (2009). The on-orbit calibration of the Fermi Large Area Telescope. Astroparticle Physics, 32(3-4), 193-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2009.08.002

@article{d91f7e97622642daaa7de8e629d086e0,

title = "The on-orbit calibration of the Fermi Large Area Telescope",

abstract = "The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on-board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope began its on-orbit operations on June 23, 2008. Calibrations, defined in a generic sense, correspond to synchronization of trigger signals, optimization of delays for latching data, determination of detector thresholds, gains and responses, evaluation of the perimeter of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), measurements of live time, of absolute time, and internal and spacecraft boresight alignments. Here we describe on-orbit calibration results obtained using known astrophysical sources, galactic cosmic rays, and charge injection into the front-end electronics of each detector. Instrument response functions will be described in a separate publication. This paper demonstrates the stability of calibrations and describes minor changes observed since launch. These results have been used to calibrate the LAT datasets to be publicly released in August 2009.",

keywords = "Calibrations, FGST, Fermi, GLAST, Gamma-ray, LAT, Telescope",

author = "Abdo, {A. A.} and M. Ackermann and M. Ajello and J. Ampe and B. Anderson and Atwood, {W. B.} and M. Axelsson and R. Bagagli and L. Baldini and J. Ballet and G. Barbiellini and J. Bartelt and D. Bastieri and Baughman, {B. M.} and K. Bechtol and D. B{\'e}d{\'e}r{\`e}de and F. Bellardi and R. Bellazzini and F. Belli and B. Berenji and D. Bisello and E. Bissaldi and Bloom, {E. D.} and G. Bogaert and Bogart, {J. R.} and E. Bonamente and Borgland, {A. W.} and P. Bourgeois and A. Bouvier and J. Bregeon and A. Brez and M. Brigida and P. Bruel and Burnett, {T. H.} and G. Busetto and Caliandro, {G. A.} and Cameron, {R. A.} and M. Campell and Caraveo, {P. A.} and S. Carius and P. Carlson and Casandjian, {J. M.} and E. Cavazzuti and M. Ceccanti and C. Cecchi and E. Charles and A. Chekhtman and Cheung, {C. C.} and J. Chiang and R. Chipaux and Cillis, {A. N.} and S. Ciprini and R. Claus and J. Cohen-Tanugi and S. Condamoor and J. Conrad and R. Corbet and S. Cutini and Davis, {D. S.} and M. DeKlotz and Dermer, {C. D.} and {de Angelis}, A. and {de Palma}, F. and Digel, {S. W.} and P. Dizon and M. Dormody and {do Couto e Silva}, E. and Drell, {P. S.} and R. Dubois and D. Dumora and Y. Edmonds and D. Fabiani and C. Farnier and C. Favuzzi and Ferrara, {E. C.} and O. Ferreira and Z. Fewtrell and Flath, {D. L.} and P. Fleury and Focke, {W. B.} and K. Fouts and M. Frailis and D. Freytag and Y. Fukazawa and S. Funk and P. Fusco and F. Gargano and D. Gasparrini and N. Gehrels and S. Germani and B. Giebels and N. Giglietto and F. Giordano and T. Glanzman and G. Godfrey and J. Goodman and Grenier, {I. A.} and Grondin, {M. H.} and Grove, {J. E.} and L. Guillemot and S. Guiriec and M. Hakimi and G. Haller and Y. Hanabata and Hart, {P. A.} and P. Hascall and E. Hays and M. Huffer and Hughes, {R. E.} and G. J{\'o}hannesson and Johnson, {A. S.} and Johnson, {R. P.} and Johnson, {T. J.} and Johnson, {W. N.} and T. Kamae and H. Katagiri and J. Kataoka and A. Kavelaars and H. Kelly and M. Kerr and W. Klamra and J. Kn{\"o}dlseder and Kocian, {M. L.} and F. Kuehn and M. Kuss and L. Latronico and C. Lavalley and B. Leas and B. Lee and Lee, {S. H.} and M. Lemoine-Goumard and F. Longo and F. Loparco and B. Lott and Lovellette, {M. N.} and P. Lubrano and Lung, {D. K.} and Madejski, {G. M.} and A. Makeev and B. Marangelli and M. Marchetti and Massai, {M. M.} and D. May and G. Mazzenga and Mazziotta, {M. N.} and McEnery, {J. E.} and S. McGlynn and C. Meurer and Michelson, {P. F.} and M. Minuti and N. Mirizzi and P. Mitra and W. Mitthumsiri and T. Mizuno and Moiseev, {A. A.} and M. Mongelli and C. Monte and Monzani, {M. E.} and E. Moretti and A. Morselli and Moskalenko, {I. V.} and S. Murgia and D. Nelson and L. Nilsson and S. Nishino and Nolan, {P. L.} and E. Nuss and M. Ohno and T. Ohsugi and N. Omodei and E. Orlando and Ormes, {J. F.} and M. Ozaki and A. Paccagnella and D. Paneque and Panetta, {J. H.} and D. Parent and V. Pelassa and M. Pepe and M. Pesce-Rollins and P. Picozza and M. Pinchera and F. Piron and Porter, {T. A.} and S. Rain{\`o} and R. Rando and E. Rapposelli and W. Raynor and M. Razzano and A. Reimer and O. Reimer and T. Reposeur and Reyes, {L. C.} and S. Ritz and S. Robinson and Rochester, {L. S.} and Rodriguez, {A. Y.} and Romani, {R. W.} and M. Roth and F. Ryde and A. Sacchetti and Sadrozinski, {H. F.W.} and N. Saggini and D. Sanchez and A. Sander and L. Sapozhnikov and Saxton, {O. H.} and {Saz Parkinson}, {P. M.} and A. Sellerholm and C. Sgr{\`o} and Siskind, {E. J.} and Smith, {D. A.} and Smith, {P. D.} and G. Spandre and P. Spinelli and Starck, {J. L.} and Stephens, {T. E.} and Strickman, {M. S.} and Strong, {A. W.} and M. Sugizaki and Suson, {D. J.} and H. Tajima and H. Takahashi and T. Takahashi and T. Tanaka and A. Tenze and Thayer, {J. B.} and Thayer, {J. G.} and Thompson, {D. J.} and L. Tibaldo and O. Tibolla and Torres, {D. F.} and G. Tosti and A. Tramacere and M. Turri and Usher, {T. L.} and N. Vilchez and N. Virmani and V. Vitale and Wai, {L. L.} and Waite, {A. P.} and P. Wang and Winer, {B. L.} and Wood, {D. L.} and Wood, {K. S.} and H. Yasuda and T. Ylinen and M. Ziegler",

note = "Funding Information: The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States , the Commissariat {\`a} l{\textquoteright}Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucl{\'e}aire et de Physique des Particules in France , the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy , the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan , and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden . ",

year = "2009",

doi = "10.1016/j.astropartphys.2009.08.002",

language = "English",

volume = "32",

pages = "193--219",

journal = "Astroparticle Physics",

issn = "0927-6505",

publisher = "Elsevier",

number = "3-4",

}

Abdo, AA, Ackermann, M, Ajello, M, Ampe, J, Anderson, B, Atwood, WB, Axelsson, M, Bagagli, R, Baldini, L, Ballet, J, Barbiellini, G, Bartelt, J, Bastieri, D, Baughman, BM, Bechtol, K, Bédérède, D, Bellardi, F, Bellazzini, R, Belli, F, Berenji, B, Bisello, D, Bissaldi, E, Bloom, ED, Bogaert, G, Bogart, JR, Bonamente, E, Borgland, AW, Bourgeois, P, Bouvier, A, Bregeon, J, Brez, A, Brigida, M, Bruel, P, Burnett, TH, Busetto, G, Caliandro, GA, Cameron, RA, Campell, M, Caraveo, PA, Carius, S, Carlson, P, Casandjian, JM, Cavazzuti, E, Ceccanti, M, Cecchi, C, Charles, E, Chekhtman, A, Cheung, CC, Chiang, J, Chipaux, R, Cillis, AN, Ciprini, S, Claus, R, Cohen-Tanugi, J, Condamoor, S, Conrad, J, Corbet, R, Cutini, S, Davis, DS, DeKlotz, M, Dermer, CD, de Angelis, A, de Palma, F, Digel, SW, Dizon, P, Dormody, M, do Couto e Silva, E, Drell, PS, Dubois, R, Dumora, D, Edmonds, Y, Fabiani, D, Farnier, C, Favuzzi, C, Ferrara, EC, Ferreira, O, Fewtrell, Z, Flath, DL, Fleury, P, Focke, WB, Fouts, K, Frailis, M, Freytag, D, Fukazawa, Y, Funk, S, Fusco, P, Gargano, F, Gasparrini, D, Gehrels, N, Germani, S, Giebels, B, Giglietto, N, Giordano, F, Glanzman, T, Godfrey, G, Goodman, J, Grenier, IA, Grondin, MH, Grove, JE, Guillemot, L, Guiriec, S, Hakimi, M, Haller, G, Hanabata, Y, Hart, PA, Hascall, P, Hays, E, Huffer, M, Hughes, RE, Jóhannesson, G, Johnson, AS, Johnson, RP, Johnson, TJ, Johnson, WN, Kamae, T, Katagiri, H, Kataoka, J, Kavelaars, A, Kelly, H, Kerr, M, Klamra, W, Knödlseder, J, Kocian, ML, Kuehn, F, Kuss, M, Latronico, L, Lavalley, C, Leas, B, Lee, B, Lee, SH, Lemoine-Goumard, M, Longo, F, Loparco, F, Lott, B, Lovellette, MN, Lubrano, P, Lung, DK, Madejski, GM, Makeev, A, Marangelli, B, Marchetti, M, Massai, MM, May, D, Mazzenga, G, Mazziotta, MN, McEnery, JE, McGlynn, S, Meurer, C, Michelson, PF, Minuti, M, Mirizzi, N, Mitra, P, Mitthumsiri, W, Mizuno, T, Moiseev, AA, Mongelli, M, Monte, C, Monzani, ME, Moretti, E, Morselli, A, Moskalenko, IV, Murgia, S, Nelson, D, Nilsson, L, Nishino, S, Nolan, PL, Nuss, E, Ohno, M, Ohsugi, T, Omodei, N, Orlando, E, Ormes, JF, Ozaki, M, Paccagnella, A, Paneque, D, Panetta, JH, Parent, D, Pelassa, V, Pepe, M, Pesce-Rollins, M, Picozza, P, Pinchera, M, Piron, F, Porter, TA, Rainò, S, Rando, R, Rapposelli, E, Raynor, W, Razzano, M, Reimer, A, Reimer, O, Reposeur, T, Reyes, LC, Ritz, S, Robinson, S, Rochester, LS, Rodriguez, AY, Romani, RW, Roth, M, Ryde, F, Sacchetti, A, Sadrozinski, HFW, Saggini, N, Sanchez, D, Sander, A, Sapozhnikov, L, Saxton, OH, Saz Parkinson, PM, Sellerholm, A, Sgrò, C, Siskind, EJ, Smith, DA, Smith, PD, Spandre, G, Spinelli, P, Starck, JL, Stephens, TE, Strickman, MS, Strong, AW, Sugizaki, M, Suson, DJ, Tajima, H, Takahashi, H, Takahashi, T, Tanaka, T, Tenze, A, Thayer, JB, Thayer, JG, Thompson, DJ, Tibaldo, L, Tibolla, O, Torres, DF, Tosti, G, Tramacere, A, Turri, M, Usher, TL, Vilchez, N, Virmani, N, Vitale, V, Wai, LL, Waite, AP, Wang, P, Winer, BL, Wood, DL, Wood, KS, Yasuda, H, Ylinen, T & Ziegler, M 2009, 'The on-orbit calibration of the Fermi Large Area Telescope', Astroparticle Physics, vol. 32, no. 3-4, pp. 193-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2009.08.002

TY - JOUR

T1 - The on-orbit calibration of the Fermi Large Area Telescope

AU - Abdo, A. A.

AU - Ackermann, M.

AU - Ajello, M.

AU - Ampe, J.

AU - Anderson, B.

AU - Atwood, W. B.

AU - Axelsson, M.

AU - Bagagli, R.

AU - Baldini, L.

AU - Ballet, J.

AU - Barbiellini, G.

AU - Bartelt, J.

AU - Bastieri, D.

AU - Baughman, B. M.

AU - Bechtol, K.

AU - Bédérède, D.

AU - Bellardi, F.

AU - Bellazzini, R.

AU - Belli, F.

AU - Berenji, B.

AU - Bisello, D.

AU - Bissaldi, E.

AU - Bloom, E. D.

AU - Bogaert, G.

AU - Bogart, J. R.

AU - Bonamente, E.

AU - Borgland, A. W.

AU - Bourgeois, P.

AU - Bouvier, A.

AU - Bregeon, J.

AU - Brez, A.

AU - Brigida, M.

AU - Bruel, P.

AU - Burnett, T. H.

AU - Busetto, G.

AU - Caliandro, G. A.

AU - Cameron, R. A.

AU - Campell, M.

AU - Caraveo, P. A.

AU - Carius, S.

AU - Carlson, P.

AU - Casandjian, J. M.

AU - Cavazzuti, E.

AU - Ceccanti, M.

AU - Cecchi, C.

AU - Charles, E.

AU - Chekhtman, A.

AU - Cheung, C. C.

AU - Chiang, J.

AU - Chipaux, R.

AU - Cillis, A. N.

AU - Ciprini, S.

AU - Claus, R.

AU - Cohen-Tanugi, J.

AU - Condamoor, S.

AU - Conrad, J.

AU - Corbet, R.

AU - Cutini, S.

AU - Davis, D. S.

AU - DeKlotz, M.

AU - Dermer, C. D.

AU - de Angelis, A.

AU - de Palma, F.

AU - Digel, S. W.

AU - Dizon, P.

AU - Dormody, M.

AU - do Couto e Silva, E.

AU - Drell, P. S.

AU - Dubois, R.

AU - Dumora, D.

AU - Edmonds, Y.

AU - Fabiani, D.

AU - Farnier, C.

AU - Favuzzi, C.

AU - Ferrara, E. C.

AU - Ferreira, O.

AU - Fewtrell, Z.

AU - Flath, D. L.

AU - Fleury, P.

AU - Focke, W. B.

AU - Fouts, K.

AU - Frailis, M.

AU - Freytag, D.

AU - Fukazawa, Y.

AU - Funk, S.

AU - Fusco, P.

AU - Gargano, F.

AU - Gasparrini, D.

AU - Gehrels, N.

AU - Germani, S.

AU - Giebels, B.

AU - Giglietto, N.

AU - Giordano, F.

AU - Glanzman, T.

AU - Godfrey, G.

AU - Goodman, J.

AU - Grenier, I. A.

AU - Grondin, M. H.

AU - Grove, J. E.

AU - Guillemot, L.

AU - Guiriec, S.

AU - Hakimi, M.

AU - Haller, G.

AU - Hanabata, Y.

AU - Hart, P. A.

AU - Hascall, P.

AU - Hays, E.

AU - Huffer, M.

AU - Hughes, R. E.

AU - Jóhannesson, G.

AU - Johnson, A. S.

AU - Johnson, R. P.

AU - Johnson, T. J.

AU - Johnson, W. N.

AU - Kamae, T.

AU - Katagiri, H.

AU - Kataoka, J.

AU - Kavelaars, A.

AU - Kelly, H.

AU - Kerr, M.

AU - Klamra, W.

AU - Knödlseder, J.

AU - Kocian, M. L.

AU - Kuehn, F.

AU - Kuss, M.

AU - Latronico, L.

AU - Lavalley, C.

AU - Leas, B.

AU - Lee, B.

AU - Lee, S. H.

AU - Lemoine-Goumard, M.

AU - Longo, F.

AU - Loparco, F.

AU - Lott, B.

AU - Lovellette, M. N.

AU - Lubrano, P.

AU - Lung, D. K.

AU - Madejski, G. M.

AU - Makeev, A.

AU - Marangelli, B.

AU - Marchetti, M.

AU - Massai, M. M.

AU - May, D.

AU - Mazzenga, G.

AU - Mazziotta, M. N.

AU - McEnery, J. E.

AU - McGlynn, S.

AU - Meurer, C.

AU - Michelson, P. F.

AU - Minuti, M.

AU - Mirizzi, N.

AU - Mitra, P.

AU - Mitthumsiri, W.

AU - Mizuno, T.

AU - Moiseev, A. A.

AU - Mongelli, M.

AU - Monte, C.

AU - Monzani, M. E.

AU - Moretti, E.

AU - Morselli, A.

AU - Moskalenko, I. V.

AU - Murgia, S.

AU - Nelson, D.

AU - Nilsson, L.

AU - Nishino, S.

AU - Nolan, P. L.

AU - Nuss, E.

AU - Ohno, M.

AU - Ohsugi, T.

AU - Omodei, N.

AU - Orlando, E.

AU - Ormes, J. F.

AU - Ozaki, M.

AU - Paccagnella, A.

AU - Paneque, D.

AU - Panetta, J. H.

AU - Parent, D.

AU - Pelassa, V.

AU - Pepe, M.

AU - Pesce-Rollins, M.

AU - Picozza, P.

AU - Pinchera, M.

AU - Piron, F.

AU - Porter, T. A.

AU - Rainò, S.

AU - Rando, R.

AU - Rapposelli, E.

AU - Raynor, W.

AU - Razzano, M.

AU - Reimer, A.

AU - Reimer, O.

AU - Reposeur, T.

AU - Reyes, L. C.

AU - Ritz, S.

AU - Robinson, S.

AU - Rochester, L. S.

AU - Rodriguez, A. Y.

AU - Romani, R. W.

AU - Roth, M.

AU - Ryde, F.

AU - Sacchetti, A.

AU - Sadrozinski, H. F.W.

AU - Saggini, N.

AU - Sanchez, D.

AU - Sander, A.

AU - Sapozhnikov, L.

AU - Saxton, O. H.

AU - Saz Parkinson, P. M.

AU - Sellerholm, A.

AU - Sgrò, C.

AU - Siskind, E. J.

AU - Smith, D. A.

AU - Smith, P. D.

AU - Spandre, G.

AU - Spinelli, P.

AU - Starck, J. L.

AU - Stephens, T. E.

AU - Strickman, M. S.

AU - Strong, A. W.

AU - Sugizaki, M.

AU - Suson, D. J.

AU - Tajima, H.

AU - Takahashi, H.

AU - Takahashi, T.

AU - Tanaka, T.

AU - Tenze, A.

AU - Thayer, J. B.

AU - Thayer, J. G.

AU - Thompson, D. J.

AU - Tibaldo, L.

AU - Tibolla, O.

AU - Torres, D. F.

AU - Tosti, G.

AU - Tramacere, A.

AU - Turri, M.

AU - Usher, T. L.

AU - Vilchez, N.

AU - Virmani, N.

AU - Vitale, V.

AU - Wai, L. L.

AU - Waite, A. P.

AU - Wang, P.

AU - Winer, B. L.

AU - Wood, D. L.

AU - Wood, K. S.

AU - Yasuda, H.

AU - Ylinen, T.

AU - Ziegler, M.

N1 - Funding Information: The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States , the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules in France , the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy , the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan , and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden .

PY - 2009

Y1 - 2009

N2 - The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on-board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope began its on-orbit operations on June 23, 2008. Calibrations, defined in a generic sense, correspond to synchronization of trigger signals, optimization of delays for latching data, determination of detector thresholds, gains and responses, evaluation of the perimeter of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), measurements of live time, of absolute time, and internal and spacecraft boresight alignments. Here we describe on-orbit calibration results obtained using known astrophysical sources, galactic cosmic rays, and charge injection into the front-end electronics of each detector. Instrument response functions will be described in a separate publication. This paper demonstrates the stability of calibrations and describes minor changes observed since launch. These results have been used to calibrate the LAT datasets to be publicly released in August 2009.

AB - The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on-board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope began its on-orbit operations on June 23, 2008. Calibrations, defined in a generic sense, correspond to synchronization of trigger signals, optimization of delays for latching data, determination of detector thresholds, gains and responses, evaluation of the perimeter of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), measurements of live time, of absolute time, and internal and spacecraft boresight alignments. Here we describe on-orbit calibration results obtained using known astrophysical sources, galactic cosmic rays, and charge injection into the front-end electronics of each detector. Instrument response functions will be described in a separate publication. This paper demonstrates the stability of calibrations and describes minor changes observed since launch. These results have been used to calibrate the LAT datasets to be publicly released in August 2009.

KW - Calibrations

KW - FGST

KW - Fermi

KW - GLAST

KW - Gamma-ray

KW - LAT

KW - Telescope

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=70449109153&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2009.08.002

DO - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2009.08.002

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:70449109153

SN - 0927-6505

VL - 32

SP - 193

EP - 219

JO - Astroparticle Physics

JF - Astroparticle Physics

IS - 3-4

ER -

The on-orbit calibration of the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Abstract

Keywords

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Cite this