TY - JOUR
T1 - The in ovo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay as an efficient xenograft model of hepatocellular carcinoma
AU - Li, Michael
AU - Pathak, Ravi R.
AU - Lopez-Rivera, Esther
AU - Friedman, Scott L.
AU - Aguirre-Ghiso, Julio A.
AU - Sikora, Andrew G.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Journal of Visualized Experiments.
PY - 2015/10/9
Y1 - 2015/10/9
N2 - The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) begins to develop by day 7 after fertilization and matures by day 12. The CAM is naturally immunodeficient and highly vascularized, making it an ideal system for tumor implantation. Furthermore, the CAM contains extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin, laminin, collagen, integrin alpha(v)beta3, and MMP-2, making it an attractive model to study tumor invasion and metastasis. Scientists have long taken advantage of the physiology of the CAM by using it as a model of angiogenesis. More recently, the CAM assay has been modified to work as an in vivo xenograft model system for various cancers that bridges the gap between basic in vitro work and more complex animal cancer models. The CAM assay allows for the study of tumor growth, anti-tumor therapies, and pro-tumor molecular pathways in a biologically relevant system that is both cost- and time-effective. Here, we describe the development of CAM xenograft model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with embryonic survival rates of up to 93% and reliable tumor take leading to growth of three-dimensional, vascularized tumors.
AB - The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) begins to develop by day 7 after fertilization and matures by day 12. The CAM is naturally immunodeficient and highly vascularized, making it an ideal system for tumor implantation. Furthermore, the CAM contains extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin, laminin, collagen, integrin alpha(v)beta3, and MMP-2, making it an attractive model to study tumor invasion and metastasis. Scientists have long taken advantage of the physiology of the CAM by using it as a model of angiogenesis. More recently, the CAM assay has been modified to work as an in vivo xenograft model system for various cancers that bridges the gap between basic in vitro work and more complex animal cancer models. The CAM assay allows for the study of tumor growth, anti-tumor therapies, and pro-tumor molecular pathways in a biologically relevant system that is both cost- and time-effective. Here, we describe the development of CAM xenograft model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with embryonic survival rates of up to 93% and reliable tumor take leading to growth of three-dimensional, vascularized tumors.
KW - CAM assay
KW - Cancer biology
KW - Chick chorioallantoic membrane
KW - HCC
KW - Hepatocellular carcinoma
KW - Issue 104
KW - Medicine
KW - Xenograft
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84946426565&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3791/52411
DO - 10.3791/52411
M3 - Article
C2 - 26484588
AN - SCOPUS:84946426565
SN - 1940-087X
VL - 2015
JO - Journal of Visualized Experiments
JF - Journal of Visualized Experiments
IS - 104
M1 - e52411
ER -