TY - JOUR
T1 - The emerging roles of microvesicles in liver diseases
AU - Lemoinne, Sara
AU - Thabut, Dominique
AU - Housset, Chantal
AU - Moreau, Richard
AU - Valla, Dominique
AU - Boulanger, Chantal M.
AU - Rautou, Pierre Emmanuel
PY - 2014/6
Y1 - 2014/6
N2 - Microvesicles (MVs) are extracellular vesicles released by virtually all cells, under both physiological and pathological conditions. They contain lipids, proteins, RNAs and microRNAs and act as vectors of information that regulate the function of target cells. This Review provides an overview of the studies assessing circulating MV levels in patients with liver diseases, together with an insight into the mechanisms that could account for these changes. We also present a detailed analysis of the implication of MVs in key processes of liver diseases. MVs have a dual role in fibrosis as certain types of MVs promote fibrolysis by increasing expression of matrix metalloproteinases, whereas others promote fibrosis by stimulating processes such as angiogenesis. MVs probably enhance portal hypertension by contributing to intrahepatic vasoconstriction, splanchnic vasodilation and angiogenesis. As MVs can modulate vascular permeability, vascular tone and angiogenesis, they might contribute to several complications of cirrhosis including hepatic encephalopathy, hepatopulmonary syndrome and hepatorenal syndrome. Several results also suggest that MVs have a role in hepatocellular carcinoma. Although MVs represent promising biomarkers in patients with liver disease, methods of isolation and subsequent analysis must be standardized.
AB - Microvesicles (MVs) are extracellular vesicles released by virtually all cells, under both physiological and pathological conditions. They contain lipids, proteins, RNAs and microRNAs and act as vectors of information that regulate the function of target cells. This Review provides an overview of the studies assessing circulating MV levels in patients with liver diseases, together with an insight into the mechanisms that could account for these changes. We also present a detailed analysis of the implication of MVs in key processes of liver diseases. MVs have a dual role in fibrosis as certain types of MVs promote fibrolysis by increasing expression of matrix metalloproteinases, whereas others promote fibrosis by stimulating processes such as angiogenesis. MVs probably enhance portal hypertension by contributing to intrahepatic vasoconstriction, splanchnic vasodilation and angiogenesis. As MVs can modulate vascular permeability, vascular tone and angiogenesis, they might contribute to several complications of cirrhosis including hepatic encephalopathy, hepatopulmonary syndrome and hepatorenal syndrome. Several results also suggest that MVs have a role in hepatocellular carcinoma. Although MVs represent promising biomarkers in patients with liver disease, methods of isolation and subsequent analysis must be standardized.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84901976256&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/nrgastro.2014.7
DO - 10.1038/nrgastro.2014.7
M3 - Review article
C2 - 24492276
AN - SCOPUS:84901976256
SN - 1759-5045
VL - 11
SP - 350
EP - 361
JO - Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology
JF - Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology
IS - 6
ER -