TY - JOUR
T1 - The effects of society on the psychosocial functioning of those with a facial difference
AU - Riklin, Eric
AU - Andover, Margaret S.
AU - Annunziato, Rachel A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Termedia Publishing House Ltd. All rights reserved.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Adolescents with craniofacial conditions (CFCs) may experience intrapersonal and interpersonal challenges such as a greater sensitivity to attractiveness, fewer social supports, and more social withdrawal, all of which can hinder social interactions. However, there are contradictory findings as to whether adolescents with CFCs have more social problems than their peers. This article provides a framework for the social context of interpersonal relationships for those with CFCs drawn from relevant theoretical underpinnings. The authors conducted a comprehensive literature review examining social factors that affect the interpersonal functioning of adolescents with CFCs. Over 35 articles were taken from the growing, but limited, research on this topic via PsychInfo and PubMed using specific search terms such as "craniofacial", "facial dysmorphisms", "complex facial dysmorphisms", "interpersonal", "psychosocial", "social functioning", and "adolescents" among others. Research has identified three salient barriers in social interactions: unattractive or inexpressive faces, social stigma, and societal misconceptions. The empirical studies reviewed postulate that having a facial difference does not result in social dysfunction, but rather the pressures and influences of society negatively impact social functioning. Based on the findings from this review, the authors propose a novel psychosocial model that explains the social dysfunction of adolescents with CFCs. Limitations and future interventions are also discussed.
AB - Adolescents with craniofacial conditions (CFCs) may experience intrapersonal and interpersonal challenges such as a greater sensitivity to attractiveness, fewer social supports, and more social withdrawal, all of which can hinder social interactions. However, there are contradictory findings as to whether adolescents with CFCs have more social problems than their peers. This article provides a framework for the social context of interpersonal relationships for those with CFCs drawn from relevant theoretical underpinnings. The authors conducted a comprehensive literature review examining social factors that affect the interpersonal functioning of adolescents with CFCs. Over 35 articles were taken from the growing, but limited, research on this topic via PsychInfo and PubMed using specific search terms such as "craniofacial", "facial dysmorphisms", "complex facial dysmorphisms", "interpersonal", "psychosocial", "social functioning", and "adolescents" among others. Research has identified three salient barriers in social interactions: unattractive or inexpressive faces, social stigma, and societal misconceptions. The empirical studies reviewed postulate that having a facial difference does not result in social dysfunction, but rather the pressures and influences of society negatively impact social functioning. Based on the findings from this review, the authors propose a novel psychosocial model that explains the social dysfunction of adolescents with CFCs. Limitations and future interventions are also discussed.
KW - Chronic illness
KW - Psychosocial variables
KW - Social adjustment
KW - Social competencies
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85071147021&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.5114/hpr.2019.85657
DO - 10.5114/hpr.2019.85657
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85071147021
SN - 2353-4184
VL - 7
SP - 87
EP - 102
JO - Health Psychology Report
JF - Health Psychology Report
IS - 2
ER -