TY - JOUR
T1 - The diverse role of heparan sulfate and other GAGs in SARS-CoV-2 infections and therapeutics
AU - Eilts, Friederike
AU - Bauer, Sarah
AU - Fraser, Keith
AU - Dordick, Jonathan S.
AU - Wolff, Michael W.
AU - Linhardt, Robert J.
AU - Zhang, Fuming
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grants RAI156573A (to F.Z. and R.J.L), and AG069039 (R.J.L); GlycoMIP a National Science Foundation Materials Innovation Platform funded through Cooperative Agreement DMR-1933525 (to F. Z. and R.J.L). F.E. was supported by the Heinrich Böll Foundation with a doctoral scholarship, by an Erasmus+ funding, and by the strategic research fund of the University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022
PY - 2023/1/1
Y1 - 2023/1/1
N2 - In December 2019, the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which infects host cells primarily through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. In addition to ACE2, several studies have shown the importance of heparan sulfate (HS) on the host cell surface as a co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2-binding. This insight has driven research into antiviral therapies, aimed at inhibiting the HS co-receptor-binding, e.g., by glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), a family of sulfated polysaccharides that includes HS. Several GAGs, such as heparin (a highly sulfated analog of HS), are used to treat various health indications, including COVID-19. This review is focused on current research on the involvement of HS in SARS-CoV-2 infection, implications of viral mutations, as well as the use of GAGs and other sulfated polysaccharides as antiviral agents.
AB - In December 2019, the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which infects host cells primarily through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. In addition to ACE2, several studies have shown the importance of heparan sulfate (HS) on the host cell surface as a co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2-binding. This insight has driven research into antiviral therapies, aimed at inhibiting the HS co-receptor-binding, e.g., by glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), a family of sulfated polysaccharides that includes HS. Several GAGs, such as heparin (a highly sulfated analog of HS), are used to treat various health indications, including COVID-19. This review is focused on current research on the involvement of HS in SARS-CoV-2 infection, implications of viral mutations, as well as the use of GAGs and other sulfated polysaccharides as antiviral agents.
KW - Glycosaminoglycans
KW - Heparan sulfate co-receptor
KW - Receptor binding domain
KW - SARS-CoV-2
KW - Spike protein
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85138998507&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120167
DO - 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120167
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85138998507
SN - 0144-8617
VL - 299
JO - Carbohydrate Polymers
JF - Carbohydrate Polymers
M1 - 120167
ER -