The Association between Body Mass Index and Open-angle Glaucoma in a South Korean Population-based Sample

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in a sample of the South Korean population. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of a cross-sectional, population-based sample of 10,978 participants, 40 years of age and older, enrolled in the 2008 to 2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. All participants had measured intraocular pressure <22 mm Hg and open anterior chamber angles. OAG was defined using disc and visual field criteria established by the International Society for Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology. Multivariable analyses were performed to determine the association between BMI and OAG. These analyses were also performed in a sex-stratified and age-stratified manner. Results: After adjusting for potential confounding variables, lower BMI (<19 kg/m²) was associated with greater risk of OAG compared with normal BMI (19 to 24.9 kg/m²) [odds ratio (OR), 2.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22-4.26]. In sex-stratified analyses, low BMI remained adversely related to glaucoma in women (OR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.42-8.38) but not in men (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 0.71-4.20). In age-stratified analyses, lower BMI was adversely related to glaucoma among subjects 40- to 49-year old (OR, 5.16; 95% CI, 1.86-14.36) but differences in glaucoma prevalence were not statistically significant between those with low versus normal BMI in other age strata. Conclusions: Lower BMI was associated with increased odds of OAG in a sample of the South Korean population. Multivariate analysis revealed the association to be statistically significant in women and those in the youngest age stratum.