The art of interprofessional psychosocial communication: Optimizing patient interfaces with psychiatric specialists in liver transplantation

Psychiatric and substance use disorders (SUD) commonly cause and contribute to advanced liver diseases and psychosocial phenomena remain some of the most challenging matters that liver transplantation (LT) teams encounter. Patients are often most focused on biomedical aspects of their treatment and LT course rather than subtler psychosocial factors which must be addressed alongside medical and surgical problems. This means that patients may not accept teams' recommendations for psychiatric and SUD treatment despite their primary role in treating liver disease and promoting successful LT. Alcohol-related liver disease is the archetype of these challenges. A crucial, actionable, and rarely discussed factor in creating a therapeutic interface between liver patients and psychiatric and SUD specialists is medical and surgical clinicians' interprofessional psychosocial communication (IPC; i.e., a clinician's personal ability to communicate effectively with patients about psychiatric and substance-related matters). In this article, we describe three crucial IPC timepoints during a typical ALD transplantation timeline, briefly review and synthesize diverse literature and perspectives into an overview of potential IPC pitfalls, propose practical IPC strategies for institutions and clinicians, and indicate future areas of study.