Successful treatment of necrobiosis lipoidica and associated retinal vasculitis with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitor

Purpose: To report the clinical and histopathologic features of necrobiosis lipoidica and associated retinal vasculitis and describe successful treatment of both skin and eye manifestations with adalimumab, a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitor. Observations: A 35-year-old patient with bipolar disorder and ocular hypertension was referred for evaluation of bilateral retinal vasculitis. Fluorescein angiography revealed bilateral occlusive retinal vasculitis. Physical exam was notable for multiple annular and round erythematous hyperpigmented and atrophic patches and plaques on both lower extremities. Skin biopsy revealed a diagnosis of necrobiosis lipoidica, a rare granulomatous skin disease. Both the patient's retinal vasculitis and skin patches responded favorably to treatment with adalimumab, a TNF-alpha inhibitor. Conclusions and importance: This case highlights the importance of obtaining a complete history and physical exam in patients who present with ocular inflammation, as extraocular manifestations of disease may be present. It also demonstrates the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary approach to evaluation and management of these patients, as both skin and eye involvement were successfully treated with adalimumab, a TNF-alpha inhibitor.