Sleep and Circadian Cardiovascular Medicine

There is increasing evidence that poor sleep quantity and quality due to such disorders as sleep deprivation, insomnia, and sleep apnea syndrome are closely associated with cardiometabolic risk factors, hypertension, and various cardiovascular diseases, and worsen the prognosis of these conditions. Sleep disturbance is closely associated with high blood pressure, disrupted circadian rhythm (nondipping/riser pattern with lower or reverse nocturnal blood pressure), and exaggerated blood pressure variability. Recent guidelines recommend the assessment of sleep disturbances and the use of sleep hygiene to maintain sleep duration >6h and good sleep quality for the management of hypertension and cardiovascular risk.