Short-acting opioid prescriptions and Workers' Compensation using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey

Background: Short-acting opioids have been utilized for pain management with little known about their use in patients on Workers' Compensation (WC) insurance. Our goal was to investigate this association in the ambulatory care setting. Methods: Using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, visits from patients aged 18–64 during the years 2010 until 2018 were evaluated (excluding 2017 due to data availability). Demographic and co-morbidity data from each visit was obtained along with the visit year. The first short-acting opioid medication prescribed in the database was considered. Survey-weighted frequencies were evaluated. Logistic regression estimated the crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals for the use of short-acting opioid prescription. Results: There were 155,947 included visits with 62.5% for female patients. Most patients were White with 11.7% identifying as Black, and 6% identifying as another race. Over 13% of the sample was of Hispanic descent. WC was the identified insurance type in 1.6% of the sample population. Of these patients, 25.6% were prescribed a short-acting opioid, compared with 10.1% of those with another identified insurance. On multivariable regression, Black patients had increased odds of being prescribed a short-acting opioid compared to white patients (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.11–1.34). Those on WC had 1.7-fold higher odds of being prescribed short-acting opioids (95% CI: 1.46–2.06). Conclusion: Certain patient characteristics, including having WC insurance, increased the odds of a short-acting opioid prescription. Further work is needed to identify prescribing patterns in specific high-risk occupational groups, as well as to elicit potential associated health outcomes.