Sex differences in vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) concentrations in the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus of rats

Peter N. Riskind; Janet M. Allen; Steven M. Gabriel; James I. Koenig; Judith Audet-Arnold

doi:10.1016/0304-3940(89)90040-2

Sex differences in vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) concentrations in the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus of rats

Peter N. Riskind, Janet M. Allen, Steven M. Gabriel, James I. Koenig, Judith Audet-Arnold

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

11 Scopus citations

Abstract

Recent evidence suggests that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a putative prolactin (PRL)-releasing factor, is both synthesized and released by anterior pituitary cells, to act as a paracrine or autocrine factor. We have investigated the hypothesis that hypothalamic or pituitary VIP levels differ in male and female rats, since neuroendocrine control of PRL is sexually differentiated. Opposite sex differences were found in the hypothalamus and anterior pituiary. Random-cycle female rats had one-third higher VIP levels in the hypothalamus than males. In contrast, anterior pituitary VIP levels were 3 times as high in male rats as in females. Median eminence VIP levels were similarly low in both sexes. These results support a possible role of VIP in the sexually dimorphic regulatory mechanisms of PRL secretion. Moreover, demonstration that hypothalamic and pituitary VIP levels vary in opposite directions suggests that VIP is differentially regulated at the two sites.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	215-220
Number of pages	6
Journal	Neuroscience Letters
Volume	105
Issue number	1-2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(89)90040-2
State	Published - 23 Oct 1989
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Gonadal steroid
Hypothalamus
Peptide
Pituitary
Sex difference
Vasoactive intestinal peptide

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10.1016/0304-3940(89)90040-2

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title = "Sex differences in vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) concentrations in the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus of rats",

abstract = "Recent evidence suggests that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a putative prolactin (PRL)-releasing factor, is both synthesized and released by anterior pituitary cells, to act as a paracrine or autocrine factor. We have investigated the hypothesis that hypothalamic or pituitary VIP levels differ in male and female rats, since neuroendocrine control of PRL is sexually differentiated. Opposite sex differences were found in the hypothalamus and anterior pituiary. Random-cycle female rats had one-third higher VIP levels in the hypothalamus than males. In contrast, anterior pituitary VIP levels were 3 times as high in male rats as in females. Median eminence VIP levels were similarly low in both sexes. These results support a possible role of VIP in the sexually dimorphic regulatory mechanisms of PRL secretion. Moreover, demonstration that hypothalamic and pituitary VIP levels vary in opposite directions suggests that VIP is differentially regulated at the two sites.",

keywords = "Gonadal steroid, Hypothalamus, Peptide, Pituitary, Sex difference, Vasoactive intestinal peptide",

author = "Riskind, \{Peter N.\} and Allen, \{Janet M.\} and Gabriel, \{Steven M.\} and Koenig, \{James I.\} and Judith Audet-Arnold",

note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to thank Ms. Patricia Moroney and Ms. Sharon Melanson for secretarial assistance, and Dr. Dominique Maiter for his editorial comments. A preliminary report of this work was presented at the 17th Annual Society for Neuroscience Meeting, New Orleans, LA, November 1987. This work was supported by NIH Grants DK26252, DK07561 (S.M.G.), and DK 39251 (J.I.K.), and by the Wellcome Trust (J.M.A.).",

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doi = "10.1016/0304-3940(89)90040-2",

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AU - Riskind, Peter N.

AU - Allen, Janet M.

AU - Gabriel, Steven M.

AU - Koenig, James I.

AU - Audet-Arnold, Judith

N1 - Funding Information: The authors would like to thank Ms. Patricia Moroney and Ms. Sharon Melanson for secretarial assistance, and Dr. Dominique Maiter for his editorial comments. A preliminary report of this work was presented at the 17th Annual Society for Neuroscience Meeting, New Orleans, LA, November 1987. This work was supported by NIH Grants DK26252, DK07561 (S.M.G.), and DK 39251 (J.I.K.), and by the Wellcome Trust (J.M.A.).

PY - 1989/10/23

Y1 - 1989/10/23

N2 - Recent evidence suggests that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a putative prolactin (PRL)-releasing factor, is both synthesized and released by anterior pituitary cells, to act as a paracrine or autocrine factor. We have investigated the hypothesis that hypothalamic or pituitary VIP levels differ in male and female rats, since neuroendocrine control of PRL is sexually differentiated. Opposite sex differences were found in the hypothalamus and anterior pituiary. Random-cycle female rats had one-third higher VIP levels in the hypothalamus than males. In contrast, anterior pituitary VIP levels were 3 times as high in male rats as in females. Median eminence VIP levels were similarly low in both sexes. These results support a possible role of VIP in the sexually dimorphic regulatory mechanisms of PRL secretion. Moreover, demonstration that hypothalamic and pituitary VIP levels vary in opposite directions suggests that VIP is differentially regulated at the two sites.

AB - Recent evidence suggests that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a putative prolactin (PRL)-releasing factor, is both synthesized and released by anterior pituitary cells, to act as a paracrine or autocrine factor. We have investigated the hypothesis that hypothalamic or pituitary VIP levels differ in male and female rats, since neuroendocrine control of PRL is sexually differentiated. Opposite sex differences were found in the hypothalamus and anterior pituiary. Random-cycle female rats had one-third higher VIP levels in the hypothalamus than males. In contrast, anterior pituitary VIP levels were 3 times as high in male rats as in females. Median eminence VIP levels were similarly low in both sexes. These results support a possible role of VIP in the sexually dimorphic regulatory mechanisms of PRL secretion. Moreover, demonstration that hypothalamic and pituitary VIP levels vary in opposite directions suggests that VIP is differentially regulated at the two sites.

KW - Gonadal steroid

KW - Hypothalamus

KW - Peptide

KW - Pituitary

KW - Sex difference

KW - Vasoactive intestinal peptide

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/0024418531

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DO - 10.1016/0304-3940(89)90040-2

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AN - SCOPUS:0024418531

SN - 0304-3940

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EP - 220

JO - Neuroscience Letters

JF - Neuroscience Letters

IS - 1-2

ER -

Sex differences in vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) concentrations in the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus of rats

Abstract

Keywords

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