TY - JOUR
T1 - Risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma in the thessaloniki eye study
AU - Topouzis, Fotis
AU - Wilson, M. Roy
AU - Harris, Alon
AU - Founti, Panayiota
AU - Yu, Fei
AU - Anastasopoulos, Eleftherios
AU - Pappas, Theofanis
AU - Koskosas, Archimidis
AU - Salonikiou, Angeliki
AU - Coleman, Anne L.
N1 - Funding Information:
The Thessaloniki Eye Study is supported in part by the International Glaucoma Association, London, United Kingdom; The UCLA Center for Eye Epidemiology, Los Angeles, California; The Health Future Foundation, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas; Pfizer, Inc, New York, New York; Merck and Co, Inc, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey; Pharmacia Hellas, Athens, Greece. All the grants were unrestricted. Dr Topouzis is on Advisory Board for Pfizer Ophthalmics and Merck & Co; has received lecture fees from Alcon Laboratories Inc and Pfizer Inc and has received grant support from Alcon Laboratories and Pfizer, Inc. Dr Harris is on the advisory board of Pfizer, Alcon, Merck & Co, and Allergan; has received lecture fees from Pfizer, Alcon, Merck & Co, and Allergan; and has received grant support from Pfizer , Merck & Co , and Allergan . Dr Coleman is Advisory Board for Allergan and Science Based Health and received grand support from Allergan. None of the authors have any financial interest or any conflict of interest related to the subject matter. Involved in Conception and design of study (F.T., M.R.W., A.H., A.L.C.); Data collection (F.T., E.A., A.K., T.P.); Analysis and interpretation of data (F.T., M.R.W., A.H., P.F., F.Y., E.A., T.P., A.K., A.S., A.L.C.); Writing the article (F.T., P.F.); Critical revision of the article (F.T., M.R.W., A.H., P.F., F.Y., E.A., A.K., T.P., A.S., A.L.C.); and Final approval of the article (F.T., M.R.W., A.H., P.F., F.Y., E.A., A.K., T.P., A.S., A.L.C.). The study was approved by the Aristotle University Medical School Ethics Committee. The Institutional Review Board of the University of California, Los Angeles, approved the plans for data analyses. All study procedures adhered to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for research involving human subjects, and all participants gave written informed consent before their participation.
PY - 2011/8
Y1 - 2011/8
N2 - Purpose: To investigate risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEXG) in the Thessaloniki Eye Study. Design: Cross-sectional, population-based study. Methods: Randomly selected subjects 60 years of age and older (n = 2554) participated in the Thessaloniki Eye Study. Glaucomatous damage and presence of pseudoexfoliation (PEX) were defined according to specific criteria. Open-angle glaucoma (OAG) subjects were compared with nonglaucoma subjects (controls), POAG subjects were compared with controls without PEX, and PEXG subjects were compared with controls with PEX for demographic, lifestyle, ophthalmic, and systemic factors. Factors with P <.2 in the univariate analysis were retained for multivariate analyses. Results: In multivariate analysis restricted to persons who participated in clinic visits and who had at least 1 phakic eye (n = 2078), intraocular pressure (odds ratio [OR], 1.21 per 1 mm Hg; P <.001), PEX (OR, 2.81; P <.001), history of coronary artery bypass or vascular surgery (OR, 1.95; P =.017), and moderate-to-high myopia (< -3 diopters; OR, 2.40; P =.009) were associated with higher odds for OAG. In analysis including all clinic visits (n = 2261), age became significantly associated (OR, 1.05; P =.004). In multivariate analysis for POAG (n = 1840), associations were found for age (OR, 1.04 per year; P =.048), IOP (OR, 1.19 per 1 mm Hg; P <.001), history of coronary artery bypass or vascular surgery (OR, 2.09; P =.01), and history of diabetes treated with insulin (OR, 3.05; P =.045). In multivariate analysis for PEXG (n = 238), the latter was associated with increased IOP (OR, 1.25 per 1 mm Hg; P <.001). Conclusions: IOP was the only factor associated with both POAG and PEXG, whereas moderate-to-high myopia showed borderline significance in both. Vascular systemic diseases and their treatment were associated only with POAG. The implications of these differences for the pathogenesis between the 2 common types of OAG should be explored further.
AB - Purpose: To investigate risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEXG) in the Thessaloniki Eye Study. Design: Cross-sectional, population-based study. Methods: Randomly selected subjects 60 years of age and older (n = 2554) participated in the Thessaloniki Eye Study. Glaucomatous damage and presence of pseudoexfoliation (PEX) were defined according to specific criteria. Open-angle glaucoma (OAG) subjects were compared with nonglaucoma subjects (controls), POAG subjects were compared with controls without PEX, and PEXG subjects were compared with controls with PEX for demographic, lifestyle, ophthalmic, and systemic factors. Factors with P <.2 in the univariate analysis were retained for multivariate analyses. Results: In multivariate analysis restricted to persons who participated in clinic visits and who had at least 1 phakic eye (n = 2078), intraocular pressure (odds ratio [OR], 1.21 per 1 mm Hg; P <.001), PEX (OR, 2.81; P <.001), history of coronary artery bypass or vascular surgery (OR, 1.95; P =.017), and moderate-to-high myopia (< -3 diopters; OR, 2.40; P =.009) were associated with higher odds for OAG. In analysis including all clinic visits (n = 2261), age became significantly associated (OR, 1.05; P =.004). In multivariate analysis for POAG (n = 1840), associations were found for age (OR, 1.04 per year; P =.048), IOP (OR, 1.19 per 1 mm Hg; P <.001), history of coronary artery bypass or vascular surgery (OR, 2.09; P =.01), and history of diabetes treated with insulin (OR, 3.05; P =.045). In multivariate analysis for PEXG (n = 238), the latter was associated with increased IOP (OR, 1.25 per 1 mm Hg; P <.001). Conclusions: IOP was the only factor associated with both POAG and PEXG, whereas moderate-to-high myopia showed borderline significance in both. Vascular systemic diseases and their treatment were associated only with POAG. The implications of these differences for the pathogenesis between the 2 common types of OAG should be explored further.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=79960843228&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ajo.2011.01.032
DO - 10.1016/j.ajo.2011.01.032
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:79960843228
SN - 0002-9394
VL - 152
SP - 219-228.e1
JO - American Journal of Ophthalmology
JF - American Journal of Ophthalmology
IS - 2
ER -