Respiratory and glycemic control outcomes of late preterm infants after antenatal corticosteroid exposure

Objective: To quantify changes in respiratory and glycemic control outcomes following antenatal corticosteroids (ANCS) exposure in late preterm neonates. Design/Methods: The study included 500 neonates born between 34 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks of gestation. Study population was divided into two groups: an immature group (34 0/7–35 6/7 weeks) and a mature group (36 0/7–36 6/7 weeks). Respiratory and glycemic control outcomes were analyzed for each group independently. Results: In the immature group, the odds of developing respiratory distress decreased in neonates exposed to ANCS within 7 days of delivery (aOR 0.42; p = 0.02). In the mature group, ANCS exposure did not change respiratory outcomes, but decreased lowest blood glucose levels (−1.5 ± 0.66 mg/dL per dose, p = 0.02). Conclusion: In our study cohort, ANCS administration was associated with improved neonatal respiratory outcomes only for infants in the immature 34 0/7–35 6/7 weeks of gestational age group. ANCS was associated with altered glycemic control only in infants in the mature 36 0/7–36 6/7 weeks of gestational age group.