Research domains and brain network dysfunction: Towards a new taxonomy of neuropsychiatric illness

Psychiatric disorders are brain disorders with high global prevalence that confer a significant personal and economic burden due to treatment costs, reduced productivity and increased morbidity and mortality. In the last three decades, neuroimaging has provided new tools and methods that enable the in vivo examination of brain organization in health and disease. The chapter summarizes brain structural and functional neuroimaging correlates of the major psychiatric disorders and discusses their implications for our understanding of psychiatric nosology and the challenges yet to be met.