Report of recurrent inflammatory myofibroblastic pseudotumor of maxillary sinus monitored by fine needle aspiration cytology

Inflammatory myofibroblastic pseudotumor (IMT) is a rare disease entity characterized by a proliferation of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes. Although this is not a malignant tumor at cytomorphological level, its complexity in differential diagnoses and a tendency for recurrence creates challenges in clinical management, especially in the head and neck region. Reported here is a case of a recurrent IMT of the maxillary sinus with a complex clinical course. We present the data on the utility of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) along with previous surgical biopsies with immunohistochemical staining in diagnosing and monitoring IMTs, as well as a detailed discussion of the cytopathological findings and our strategies of clinical management in this patient. The findings indicate that FNAB is a valuable tool in monitoring such a patient.