Renal cancer

Renal cancers encompass a collection of different disease entities, the most common of which are renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). RCC has multiple histologic subtypes which differ in clinical features and genomic findings, some of which are associated with hereditary syndromes. TCC resembles transitional-cell bladder cancer and is treated on the basis of its primary histology. While localized, both are primarily managed surgically. In advanced stages, RCC treatment is comprised of immunotherapeutic and molecularly targeted agents, whereas the mainstay of TCC management remains cytotoxic platinum-based chemotherapy regimens.