Real-time sonographic display of caudal spinal anomalies

Real-time computerized ultrasonography with 3.5 and 5.0 MHz sector and linear array transducers (Acuson^®) depicts spinal anatomy and pathology more clearly than was possible with previous ultrasonic equipment. Split screen (dual image) techniques display increased lengths of spine in a single image. Articulated arm, B-mode sonography remains useful for older patients in whom the pathology lies far from the transducer and in a few post-operative patients in whom dense scar frustrates real-time examination. Sonography is a very useful screening tool for subcutaneous pathology, meningoceles and lipomas, but, thus far, has failed to demonstrate consistently the presence of hydromyelia, intracanalicular (epi)dermoid tumors and dermal sinus stalks ascending toward conus medullaris.