Rare case of metastatic liposarcoma to the thyroid gland and a review of the literature of metastatic sarcomas to the thyroid

Background: Liposarcomas are the second most common type of soft tissue sarcomas. Typically, myxoid liposarcomas have a metastatic rate of 10%, usually involving the retroperitoneal space, abdomen, and spine. Metastasis to the thyroid is extremely rare. Design/Method: A 62-year-old male with a history of metastatic myxoid liposarcoma in his right thigh presented to our clinic for evaluation of a thyroid nodule incidentally identified on a CT scan. A subsequent FNA biopsy was suggestive of a metastatic liposarcoma. Results: The patient underwent a left thyroid lobectomy and final pathology confirmed a grade II/III metastatic myxoid liposarcoma that measured 3.3 cm. The patient tolerated the procedure well. Conclusions: Our case highlights the role of a patient's medical history when evaluating thyroid nodules to optimize accurate diagnosis, as liposarcomas do not typically metastasize to the thyroid. We also provide an updated review of the literature on all cases of metastatic sarcomas to the thyroid.