Randomized noninferiority trial of Telephone vs in-person genetic counseling for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer: A 12-month follow-up

Background: Telephone delivery of genetic counseling is an alternative to in-person genetic counseling because it may extend the reach of genetic counseling. Previous reports have established the noninferiority of telephone counseling on short-term psychosocial and decision-making outcomes. Here we examine the long-term impact of telephone counseling (TC) vs inperson counseling (usual care [UC]). Methods: We recruited high-risk women for a noninferiority trial comparing TC with UC. Of 1057 potentially eligible women, 669 were randomly assigned to TC (n=335) or UC (n=334), and 512 completed the 12-month follow-up. Primary outcomes were patient-reported satisfaction with genetic testing decision, distress, and quality of life. Secondary outcomes were uptake of cancer risk management strategies. Results: TC was noninferior to UC on all primary outcomes. Satisfaction with decision (d=0.13, lower bound of 97.5% confidence interval [CI] = -0.34) did not cross its one-point noninferiority limit, cancer-specific distress (d=-2.10, upper bound of 97.5% CI = -0.07) did not cross its four-point noninferiority limit, and genetic testing distress (d=-0.27, upper bound of 97.5% CI=1.46), physical function (d=0.44, lower bound of 97.5% CI = -0.91) and mental function (d=-0.04, lower bound of 97.5% CI = -1.44) did not cross their 2.5-point noninferiority limit. Bivariate analyses showed no differences in risk-reducing mastectomy or oophorectomy across groups; however, when combined, TC had significantly more risk-reducing surgeries than UC (17.8% vs 10.5%; χ² = 4.43, P=.04). Conclusions: Findings support telephone delivery of genetic counseling to extend the accessibility of this service without long-termadverse outcomes.