Pulmonary complications of HIV infection

With changes in epidemiology and the application of newer treatment and prophylactic regimens, the types of pulmonary diseases that occur in HIV-infected persons are changing. New ways to assess the progression of HIV disease and new antiretroviral treatments are available. Increased survival is often coupled with worsening immunosuppression. Overall mortality from Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is declining, but mortality from bacterial pneumonia and mycobacterial disease is increasing. Infections with unusual and resistant organisms are also increasing. Patients with severe immunosuppression are susceptible to fungal, viral, and neoplastic pulmonary disease.