Printed, Wireless, Soft Bioelectronics and Deep Learning Algorithm for Smart Human-Machine Interfaces

Young Tae Kwon, Hojoong Kim, Musa Mahmood, Yun Soung Kim, Carl Demolder, Woon Hong Yeo

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

58 Scopus citations

Abstract

Recent advances in flexible materials and wearable electronics offer a noninvasive, high-fidelity recording of biopotentials for portable healthcare, disease diagnosis, and machine interfaces. Current device-manufacturing methods, however, still heavily rely on the conventional cleanroom microfabrication that requires expensive, time-consuming, and complicated processes. Here, we introduce an additive nanomanufacturing technology that explores a contactless direct printing of aerosol nanomaterials and polymers to fabricate stretchable sensors and multilayered wearable electronics. Computational and experimental studies prove the mechanical flexibility and reliability of soft electronics, considering direct mounting to the deformable human skin with a curvilinear surface. The dry, skin-conformal graphene biosensor, without the use of conductive gels and aggressive tapes, offers an enhanced biopotential recording on the skin and multiple uses (over ten times) with consistent measurement of electromyograms. The combination of soft bioelectronics and deep learning algorithm allows classifying six classes of muscle activities with an accuracy of over 97%, which enables wireless, real-time, continuous control of external machines such as a robotic hand and a robotic arm. Collectively, the comprehensive study of nanomaterials, flexible mechanics, system integration, and machine learning shows the potential of the printed bioelectronics for portable, smart, and persistent human-machine interfaces.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)49398-49406
Number of pages9
JournalACS applied materials & interfaces
Volume12
Issue number44
DOIs
StatePublished - 4 Nov 2020
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • additive nanomanufacturing
  • deep learning algorithm
  • electromyograms (EMGs)
  • human-machine interface
  • printed bioelectronics

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