Primary melanoma prevention in children

For decades, the incidence of cutaneous melanoma in the United States has been rising steadily. Primary prevention of melanoma is contingent upon identifying and reducing the recognized risk factors for its development. Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation, especially in childhood, is one such risk factor. Youth today are at risk for increased intermittent solar exposure, sunburn, and an increased number of acquired melanocytic nevi, all of which are implicated in increased melanoma risk. Sunscreens cannot be relied upon as the sole or primary means of decreasing melanoma risk. Other measures such as avoidance of midday sun, seeking shade, and wearing protective clothing need to be emphasized. Physician advice seems to have a positive effect in encouraging such photoprotective behaviors.