TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence and determinants of prehypertension in a Japanese general population
T2 - The Jichi Medical School cohort study
AU - Ishikawa, Yukiko
AU - Ishikawa, Joji
AU - Ishikawa, Shizukiyo
AU - Kayaba, Kazunori
AU - Nakamura, Yosikazu
AU - Shimada, Kazuyuki
AU - Kajii, Eiji
AU - Pickering, Thomas G.
AU - Kario, Kazuomi
PY - 2008
Y1 - 2008
N2 - It has been reported that subjects with prehypertension (pre-HT) (systolic blood pressure [SBP] 120-139 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure [DBP] 80-89 mmHg) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the prevalence and determinants of pre-HT in a Japanese general population. We enrolled 4,706 males and 7,342 females aged 18 to 90 years whose BPs were measured at baseline. The subjects' BPs were classified as follows: normotension (NT: SPB/DBP<120/80 mmHg), pre-HT (120/80-139/89 mmHg), and hypertension (HT: ≥140/90 mmHg or treated hypertension). The prevalence of pre-HT was 34.8% (males), and 31.8% (females). Body mass index (BMI) of more than 23.0 kg/m2 was the strongest determinant of pre-HT (Males - BMI: 23.0-24.9 kg/m2, odds ratio [OR]=1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.21-1.79; BMI: 25.0-26.9 kg/m2, OR=2.20, 95% CI=1.68-2.87; BMI: 27.0-29.9 kg/m2, OR=2.75, 95% CI=1.80-4.19; BMI: ≥30.0 kg/m2, OR=3.39, 95% CI=1.21-9.46. Females - BMI: 23.0-24.9 kg/m2, OR=1.67, 95% CI=1.42-1.95; BMI: 25.0-26.9 kg/m2, OR=1.79, 95% CI=1.46-2.19; BMI: 27.0-29.9 kg/m2, OR=3.65, 95% CI=2.73-4.89; BMI: ≥30.0 kg/m2, OR=4.23, 95% CI=2.33-7.70). The other determinants of pre-HT were hyperlipidemia (Males: OR=1.25; Females: OR=1.43), and aging (by 10 years; Males: OR=1.12; Females: OR=1.48). Determinants of pre-HT in females were impaired glucose tolerance (OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.03-1.94), diabetes (OR=2.01, 95% CI=1.16-3.47) and a family history of HT in both parents (OR=1.90, 95% CI=1.38-2.62), whereas in males the only other predictor was alcohol drinking (OR=1.45, 95% CI=1.23-1.70). In conclusion, even subjects with a mild increase of BMI (23.0-24.9 kg/m2) had an increased risk of pre-HT in a Japanese population, and the level of BMI associated with pre-HT was lower than that in Western countries. Additionally, there were gender differences in the determinants of pre-HT.
AB - It has been reported that subjects with prehypertension (pre-HT) (systolic blood pressure [SBP] 120-139 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure [DBP] 80-89 mmHg) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the prevalence and determinants of pre-HT in a Japanese general population. We enrolled 4,706 males and 7,342 females aged 18 to 90 years whose BPs were measured at baseline. The subjects' BPs were classified as follows: normotension (NT: SPB/DBP<120/80 mmHg), pre-HT (120/80-139/89 mmHg), and hypertension (HT: ≥140/90 mmHg or treated hypertension). The prevalence of pre-HT was 34.8% (males), and 31.8% (females). Body mass index (BMI) of more than 23.0 kg/m2 was the strongest determinant of pre-HT (Males - BMI: 23.0-24.9 kg/m2, odds ratio [OR]=1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.21-1.79; BMI: 25.0-26.9 kg/m2, OR=2.20, 95% CI=1.68-2.87; BMI: 27.0-29.9 kg/m2, OR=2.75, 95% CI=1.80-4.19; BMI: ≥30.0 kg/m2, OR=3.39, 95% CI=1.21-9.46. Females - BMI: 23.0-24.9 kg/m2, OR=1.67, 95% CI=1.42-1.95; BMI: 25.0-26.9 kg/m2, OR=1.79, 95% CI=1.46-2.19; BMI: 27.0-29.9 kg/m2, OR=3.65, 95% CI=2.73-4.89; BMI: ≥30.0 kg/m2, OR=4.23, 95% CI=2.33-7.70). The other determinants of pre-HT were hyperlipidemia (Males: OR=1.25; Females: OR=1.43), and aging (by 10 years; Males: OR=1.12; Females: OR=1.48). Determinants of pre-HT in females were impaired glucose tolerance (OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.03-1.94), diabetes (OR=2.01, 95% CI=1.16-3.47) and a family history of HT in both parents (OR=1.90, 95% CI=1.38-2.62), whereas in males the only other predictor was alcohol drinking (OR=1.45, 95% CI=1.23-1.70). In conclusion, even subjects with a mild increase of BMI (23.0-24.9 kg/m2) had an increased risk of pre-HT in a Japanese population, and the level of BMI associated with pre-HT was lower than that in Western countries. Additionally, there were gender differences in the determinants of pre-HT.
KW - Cross-sectional study
KW - Diabetes
KW - Japanese
KW - Obesity
KW - Prehypertension
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/55449132464
U2 - 10.1291/hypres.31.1323
DO - 10.1291/hypres.31.1323
M3 - Article
C2 - 18957802
AN - SCOPUS:55449132464
SN - 0916-9636
VL - 31
SP - 1323
EP - 1330
JO - Hypertension Research
JF - Hypertension Research
IS - 7
ER -