TY - JOUR
T1 - Pretransplant psychosocial risk factors may not predict late nonadherence and graft rejection in adult liver transplant recipients
AU - Lieber, Sarah R.
AU - Helcer, Jacqueline
AU - Leven, Emily
AU - Knight, Christopher S.
AU - Wlodarkiewicz, Catherine
AU - Shenoy, Akhil
AU - Shemesh, Eyal
AU - Florman, Sander S.
AU - Schiano, Thomas D.
AU - Annunziato, Rachel A.
N1 - Funding Information:
From the 1University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; the 2Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York; and the 3Fordham University, New York, New York, USA Acknowledgements: This study was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant R01 DK-080740 (to E. Shemesh). Dr. Lieber is supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (T32DK07634). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. S.R. Lieber designed the research study; S.R. Lieber and J. Helcer performed the research/study, collected data, and wrote and edited the manuscript; E. Leven, C.S. Knight, and C. Wlodarkiewicz performed the research/study and collected data; A. Shenoy and S.S. Florman wrote and edited the manuscript; E. Shemesh and T.D. Schiano designed the research/study and wrote and edited the manuscript; and R.A. Annunziato designed the research/study, wrote and edited the manuscript, and performed data analyses. Corresponding author: Sarah R. Lieber, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Department of Gastroenterology, 4119B Bioinformatics Building, 130 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7089, USA Phone: +1 551 404 3085 E-mail: lieber@post.harvard.edu
Funding Information:
This study was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant R01 DK-080740 (to E. Shemesh). Dr. Lieber is supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (T32DK07634). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. S.R. Lieber designed the research study; S.R. Lieber and J. Helcer performed the research/study, collected data, and wrote and edited the manuscript; E. Leven, C.S. Knight, and C. Wlodarkiewicz performed the research/study and collected data; A. Shenoy and S.S. Florman wrote and edited the manuscript; E. Shemesh and T.D. Schiano designed the research/study and wrote and edited the manuscript; and R.A. Annunziato designed the research/study, wrote and edited the manuscript, and performed data analyses.
Publisher Copyright:
© Başkent University 2018.
PY - 2018/10
Y1 - 2018/10
N2 - Objectives: A psychosocial evaluation before liver transplant aims to identify risk factors for nonad - herence and poor outcomes posttransplant. Despite broad support for such evaluations, evidence justifying its components is thus far limited. We investigated whether variables assessed during the psychosocial evaluation before liver transplant predict immunosup - pressant nonadherence and graft rejection. Materials and Methods: Our study included 248 adult liver recipients at least 1 year after transplant with at least 3 measured tacrolimus levels. Predictor variables from the pretransplant evaluation were defined a priori and included sociodemographic factors (age, race, time since transplant), psychiatric history, substance abuse history, education level, and social support. Nonadherence was determined using the medication level variability index, which is an objective measure of adherence reflective of high medication level fluctuation from nonadherence. Outcomes (medication level variability index and biopsy-confirmed rejection) were obtained 1-year posttransplant to the present. Results: We found that 50% of patients were nonadherent to tacrolimus (medication level variability index > 2.5). The 41 patients with rejection (t = 2.71, P <.01) and black patients (F = 3.10, P =.02) had significantly higher index scores. Time since transplant was correlated with medical level variability index (r = 0.15, P =.02). However, in logistic regression, none of the predefined psychosocial variables predicted nonadherence (P =.40) or rejection (P =.19). Conclusions: Our results confirmed a significant association between medication level variability index and rejection, validating it as an objective measure of clinically significant nonadherence. In a large sample with high rates of nonadherence, none of the pretransplant psychosocial variables commonly used in standard liver transplant evaluations predicted nonadherence or rejection. These findings call into question current selection criteria. Future prospective studies are needed to investigate more com - prehensive psychosocial variables and their ability to determine posttransplant outcomes.
AB - Objectives: A psychosocial evaluation before liver transplant aims to identify risk factors for nonad - herence and poor outcomes posttransplant. Despite broad support for such evaluations, evidence justifying its components is thus far limited. We investigated whether variables assessed during the psychosocial evaluation before liver transplant predict immunosup - pressant nonadherence and graft rejection. Materials and Methods: Our study included 248 adult liver recipients at least 1 year after transplant with at least 3 measured tacrolimus levels. Predictor variables from the pretransplant evaluation were defined a priori and included sociodemographic factors (age, race, time since transplant), psychiatric history, substance abuse history, education level, and social support. Nonadherence was determined using the medication level variability index, which is an objective measure of adherence reflective of high medication level fluctuation from nonadherence. Outcomes (medication level variability index and biopsy-confirmed rejection) were obtained 1-year posttransplant to the present. Results: We found that 50% of patients were nonadherent to tacrolimus (medication level variability index > 2.5). The 41 patients with rejection (t = 2.71, P <.01) and black patients (F = 3.10, P =.02) had significantly higher index scores. Time since transplant was correlated with medical level variability index (r = 0.15, P =.02). However, in logistic regression, none of the predefined psychosocial variables predicted nonadherence (P =.40) or rejection (P =.19). Conclusions: Our results confirmed a significant association between medication level variability index and rejection, validating it as an objective measure of clinically significant nonadherence. In a large sample with high rates of nonadherence, none of the pretransplant psychosocial variables commonly used in standard liver transplant evaluations predicted nonadherence or rejection. These findings call into question current selection criteria. Future prospective studies are needed to investigate more com - prehensive psychosocial variables and their ability to determine posttransplant outcomes.
KW - Graft failure
KW - Liver transplantation
KW - Medication nonadherence
KW - Transplant psychosocial evaluation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85047886487&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.6002/ect.2016.0349
DO - 10.6002/ect.2016.0349
M3 - Article
C2 - 28969524
AN - SCOPUS:85047886487
SN - 1304-0855
VL - 16
SP - 533
EP - 540
JO - Experimental and Clinical Transplantation
JF - Experimental and Clinical Transplantation
IS - 5
ER -