TY - JOUR
T1 - Prenatal lead exposure modifies the association of maternal self-esteem with child adaptive ability
AU - Xu, Jian
AU - Hu, Howard
AU - Wright, Rosalind
AU - Schnaas, Lourdes
AU - Bellinger, David C.
AU - Park, Sung Kyun
AU - Wright, Robert O.
AU - Téllez-Rojo, Martha Maria
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was made possible by support from U.S. NIH R01ES021446 , NIH R01-ES007821 , NIEHS/EPA P01ES022844 , NIEHS P42-ES05947 , NIEHS Center Grant P30ES017885 , National Natural Science Foundation of China 81373016 , 81673189 , Shanghai Health and Family Planning Commission 201640363 , Shanghai Municipal Education Commission—Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support [ 20172016 ], and the National Institute of Public Health/Ministry of Health of Mexico . The American British Cowdray Hospital provided facilities used for this research. The contents of this article are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIEHS, NIH, or the U.S. EPA. MB and BS had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier GmbH
PY - 2019/1
Y1 - 2019/1
N2 - Background: A child's adaptive ability is important for personal career and social development. Maternal self-esteem may help shape a child's behavior. This study aims to investigate whether maternal self-esteem measured when their children were toddlers predicts their children's adaptive skills at school age, and whether prenatal lead exposure modifies such a relationship. Methods: We assessed prenatal lead exposure using cord blood lead and maternal bone lead around delivery (tibia and patella lead measured in vivo by K-x-ray-fluorescence) among 192 mother-child pairs investigated in Mexico from 1994 to 2011. Maternal self-esteem was measured using the Coopersmith-Self-esteem-Inventory when children were 2 years old. When children were 7-to-15 years old, we measured children's blood lead levels and administered the 2nd edition of Behavior-Assessment-System-for-Children (BASC-2) parent-rating-scales (PRS) and Self-Reports of Personality (SRP) to evaluate children's adaptive skills. Results: Median (P25, P75) values for maternal patella and tibia lead, cord blood lead and children's current blood lead levels were 12.6 (3.2, 21.7) μg/g, 10.2 (4.1, 16.0) μg/g, 5.5 (3.5, 8.1) μg/dL and 2.7 (2.0, 4.0) μg/dL, respectively. In adjusted models, increased maternal self-esteem was associated with increased adaptive T-scores on the BASC-2 PRS and SRP scales. This relationship was weaker in high prenatal lead-exposure groups (high cord blood lead or patella lead groups, P25–P100) compared with low prenatal lead-exposure (low cord blood lead or patella lead groups, P1–P25) groups (P-interaction values < 0.10). No significant interactions between maternal tibia lead and self-esteem on children's adaptive T-scores were observed (P-interaction values > 0.10). Conclusions: Toddlers of mothers with high (vs. low) self-esteem have better adaptive abilities when they are of school-age. Prenatal lead exposure may attenuate or eliminate this positive association.
AB - Background: A child's adaptive ability is important for personal career and social development. Maternal self-esteem may help shape a child's behavior. This study aims to investigate whether maternal self-esteem measured when their children were toddlers predicts their children's adaptive skills at school age, and whether prenatal lead exposure modifies such a relationship. Methods: We assessed prenatal lead exposure using cord blood lead and maternal bone lead around delivery (tibia and patella lead measured in vivo by K-x-ray-fluorescence) among 192 mother-child pairs investigated in Mexico from 1994 to 2011. Maternal self-esteem was measured using the Coopersmith-Self-esteem-Inventory when children were 2 years old. When children were 7-to-15 years old, we measured children's blood lead levels and administered the 2nd edition of Behavior-Assessment-System-for-Children (BASC-2) parent-rating-scales (PRS) and Self-Reports of Personality (SRP) to evaluate children's adaptive skills. Results: Median (P25, P75) values for maternal patella and tibia lead, cord blood lead and children's current blood lead levels were 12.6 (3.2, 21.7) μg/g, 10.2 (4.1, 16.0) μg/g, 5.5 (3.5, 8.1) μg/dL and 2.7 (2.0, 4.0) μg/dL, respectively. In adjusted models, increased maternal self-esteem was associated with increased adaptive T-scores on the BASC-2 PRS and SRP scales. This relationship was weaker in high prenatal lead-exposure groups (high cord blood lead or patella lead groups, P25–P100) compared with low prenatal lead-exposure (low cord blood lead or patella lead groups, P1–P25) groups (P-interaction values < 0.10). No significant interactions between maternal tibia lead and self-esteem on children's adaptive T-scores were observed (P-interaction values > 0.10). Conclusions: Toddlers of mothers with high (vs. low) self-esteem have better adaptive abilities when they are of school-age. Prenatal lead exposure may attenuate or eliminate this positive association.
KW - Adaptive ability
KW - Child
KW - Lead
KW - Maternal
KW - Prenatal exposure
KW - Self-esteem
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85052103754&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.08.005
DO - 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.08.005
M3 - Article
C2 - 30146178
AN - SCOPUS:85052103754
SN - 1438-4639
VL - 222
SP - 68
EP - 75
JO - International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health
JF - International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health
IS - 1
ER -