Prediction of the histopathologic findings of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: qualitative and quantitative assessment of diffusion-weighted imaging

Sara Lewis, Cecilia Besa, Mathilde Wagner, Kartik Jhaveri, Shingo Kihira, Hongfa Zhu, Nima Sadoughi, Sandra Fischer, Amogh Srivastava, Eric Yee, Koenraad Mortele, James Babb, Swan Thung, Bachir Taouli

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39 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective: To correlate qualitative and quantitative diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) characteristics of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) with histopathologic tumour grade and fibrosis content. Methods: Fifty-one patients (21M/30F; mean age 61y) with ICC and MRI including DWI were included in this IRB-approved multicentre retrospective study. Qualitative tumour features were assessed. Tumour apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mean, minimum, and normalized (nADCliver) values were computed. Tumour grade [well(G1), moderately(G2), or poorly differentiated(G3)] and tumour fibrosis content [minimal(1), moderate(2), or abundant(3)] were categorized pathologically. Imaging findings and ADC values were compared with pathologic measures. Utility of ADC values for predicting tumour grade was assessed using ROC analysis. Results: 51 ICCs (mean size 6.5±1.1 cm) were assessed. 33/51(64%) of ICCs demonstrated diffuse hyperintensity and 15/51(29%) demonstrated target appearance on DWI. Infiltrative morphology (p=0.02) and tumour size (p=0.04) were associated with G3. ADCmean and nADCmean of G3 (1.32±0.47x10-3 mm2/sec and 0.97±0.95) were lower than G1+G2 (1.57±0.39x10-3 mm2/sec and 1.24±0.49; p=0.03 and p=0.04). ADCmean and nADCmean were inversely correlated with tumour grade (p<0.025). No correlation was found between ADC and tumour fibrosis content. AUROC, sensitivity and specificity of nADCmean for G3 versus G1+G2 were 0.71, 89.5% and 55.5%. Conclusion: ADC quantification has reasonable accuracy for predicting ICC grade. Key Points: • ADC quantification was useful for predicting ICC tumour grade. • Infiltrative tumour morphology and size were associated with poorly differentiated ICCs. • ADC values depended more on ICC tumour grade than fibrosis content. • Ability to predict ICC tumour grade non-invasively could impact patient management.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)2047-2057
Number of pages11
JournalEuropean Radiology
Volume28
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 May 2018

Keywords

  • Cholangiocarcinoma
  • Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Fibrosis
  • Liver Neoplasms
  • Tumour Grading

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