PQBP-1 (Np/PQ): a polyglutamine tract-binding and nuclear inclusion-forming protein

Polyglutamine(Q) tract binding protein-1 (PQBP-1) was isolated on the basis of its interaction with polyglutamine tracts and localizes predominantly to the nucleus where it suppresses transcriptional activation by a neuron-specific transcription factor, Brn-2. Its C-terminal domain is highly conserved and binds to a component of the spliceosome. PQBP-1 possesses unique repetitive sequences that may fold as polar zippers. Interestingly, PQBP-1 also forms nuclear inclusion bodies, which are similar to those nucleated by the protein products of polyglutamine disease genes. Furthermore, because PQBP-1 is highly conserved in simple animal metazoans and plants (Caenorhabditis elegans and Arabidopsis), it may perform a basic function in cells. By the same token, disruption of the basic function could be critical to the disease process. Collectively, PQBP-1 might be a candidate molecule involved in the pathology of polyglutamine diseases. In this review, we discuss the structure and function of the PQBP-1 protein, the relevance of its aggregation and possible roles in normal and disease processes.