TY - JOUR
T1 - PPARγ (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ) Deacetylation Suppresses Aging-Associated Atherosclerosis and Hypercholesterolemia
AU - Zahr, Tarik
AU - Liu, Longhua
AU - Chan, Michelle
AU - Zhou, Qiuzhong
AU - Cai, Bishuang
AU - He, Ying
AU - Aaron, Nicole
AU - Accili, Domenico
AU - Sun, Lei
AU - Qiang, Li
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.
PY - 2023/1/1
Y1 - 2023/1/1
N2 - Background: Atherosclerosis is a medical urgency manifesting at the onset of hypercholesterolemia and is associated with aging. Activation of PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ) counteracts metabolic dysfunction influenced by aging, and its deacetylation displays an atheroprotective property. Despite the marked increase of PPARγ acetylation during aging, it is unknown whether PPARγ acetylation is a pathogenic contributor to aging-associated atherosclerosis. Methods: Mice with constitutive deacetylation-mimetic PPARγ mutations on lysine residues K268 and K293 (2KR) in an LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-receptor knockout (Ldlr-/-) background (2KR:Ldlr-/-) were aged for 18 months on a standard laboratory diet to examine the cardiometabolic phenotype, which was confirmed in Western-type diet-fed 2KR:Ldlr+/-mice. Whole-liver RNA-sequencing and in vitro studies in bone marrow-derived macrophages were conducted to decipher the mechanism. Results: In contrast to severe atherosclerosis in WT:Ldlr-/-mice, aged 2KR:Ldlr-/-mice developed little to no plaque, which was underlain by a significantly improved plasma lipid profile, with particular reductions in circulating LDL. The protection from hypercholesterolemia was recapitulated in Western-type diet-fed 2KR:Ldlr+/-mice. Liver RNA-sequencing analysis revealed suppression of liver inflammation rather than changes in cholesterol metabolism. This anti-inflammatory effect of 2KR was attributed to polarized M2 activation of macrophages. Additionally, the upregulation of core circadian component Bmal1 (brain and muscle ARNT-like 1), perceived to be involved in anti-inflammatory immunity, was observed in the liver and bone marrow-derived macrophages. Conclusions: PPARγ deacetylation in mice prevents the development of aging-associated atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia, in association with the anti-inflammatory phenotype of 2KR macrophages.
AB - Background: Atherosclerosis is a medical urgency manifesting at the onset of hypercholesterolemia and is associated with aging. Activation of PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ) counteracts metabolic dysfunction influenced by aging, and its deacetylation displays an atheroprotective property. Despite the marked increase of PPARγ acetylation during aging, it is unknown whether PPARγ acetylation is a pathogenic contributor to aging-associated atherosclerosis. Methods: Mice with constitutive deacetylation-mimetic PPARγ mutations on lysine residues K268 and K293 (2KR) in an LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-receptor knockout (Ldlr-/-) background (2KR:Ldlr-/-) were aged for 18 months on a standard laboratory diet to examine the cardiometabolic phenotype, which was confirmed in Western-type diet-fed 2KR:Ldlr+/-mice. Whole-liver RNA-sequencing and in vitro studies in bone marrow-derived macrophages were conducted to decipher the mechanism. Results: In contrast to severe atherosclerosis in WT:Ldlr-/-mice, aged 2KR:Ldlr-/-mice developed little to no plaque, which was underlain by a significantly improved plasma lipid profile, with particular reductions in circulating LDL. The protection from hypercholesterolemia was recapitulated in Western-type diet-fed 2KR:Ldlr+/-mice. Liver RNA-sequencing analysis revealed suppression of liver inflammation rather than changes in cholesterol metabolism. This anti-inflammatory effect of 2KR was attributed to polarized M2 activation of macrophages. Additionally, the upregulation of core circadian component Bmal1 (brain and muscle ARNT-like 1), perceived to be involved in anti-inflammatory immunity, was observed in the liver and bone marrow-derived macrophages. Conclusions: PPARγ deacetylation in mice prevents the development of aging-associated atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia, in association with the anti-inflammatory phenotype of 2KR macrophages.
KW - aging
KW - atherosclerosis
KW - cardiovascular disease
KW - hypercholesterolemia
KW - inflammation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85144591179&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1161/ATVBAHA.122.318061
DO - 10.1161/ATVBAHA.122.318061
M3 - Article
C2 - 36453279
AN - SCOPUS:85144591179
SN - 1079-5642
VL - 43
SP - 30
EP - 44
JO - Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
JF - Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
IS - 1
ER -