TY - JOUR
T1 - Phase I clinical and pharmacology study of clofarabine in patients with solid and hematologic cancers
AU - Kantarjian, Hagop M.
AU - Gandhi, Varsha
AU - Kozuch, Peter
AU - Faderl, Stefan
AU - Giles, Francis
AU - Cortes, Jorge
AU - O'Brien, Susan
AU - Ibrahim, Nuhad
AU - Khuri, Fadlo
AU - Du, Min
AU - Rios, Mary Beth
AU - Jeha, Sima
AU - McLaughlin, Peter
AU - Plunkett, William
AU - Keating, Michael
PY - 2003/3/15
Y1 - 2003/3/15
N2 - Purpose: To define the maximum-tolerated doses (MTDs) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of clofarabine, given as a 1-hour infusion daily for 5 days, in patients with solid tumors and with acute leukemia. Patients and Methods: The initial part of the study defined the MTD and DLT in solid tumors. The second part of the study defined the MTD and DLT in acute leukemia. Results: The starting dose of clofarabine (15 mg/m2) was myelosuppressive, requiring several dose de-escalations to 2 mg/m2, the dose suggested for phase II studies in solid tumors. Dose escalation in acute leukemia started at 7.5 mg/m2, with several escalations to 55 mg/m2. The DLT was reversible hepatotoxicity at 55 mg/m2. The recommended dose for acute leukemia phase II studies was 40 mg/m2. Among 32 treated patients with acute leukemia, two achieved a complete response and three had a marrow complete response without platelet recovery (hematologic improvement), for an overall response rate of 16%. At 40 mg/m2, the median plasma clofarabine level was 1.5 μmol/L (range, 0.42 to 3.2 μmol/L; n = 7). Cellular and plasma pharmacokinetic studies suggested dose proportionality but showed a wide variation in intracellular concentrations of clofarabine triphosphate. Conclusion: This phase I study defined the following two MTDs for clofarabine given as a 1-hour infusion daily for 5 days: 2 mg/m2 for solid tumors, the DLT being myelosuppression; and 40 mg/m2 for acute leukemia, the DLT being hepatotoxicity. Encouraging activity was observed in acute leukemia.
AB - Purpose: To define the maximum-tolerated doses (MTDs) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of clofarabine, given as a 1-hour infusion daily for 5 days, in patients with solid tumors and with acute leukemia. Patients and Methods: The initial part of the study defined the MTD and DLT in solid tumors. The second part of the study defined the MTD and DLT in acute leukemia. Results: The starting dose of clofarabine (15 mg/m2) was myelosuppressive, requiring several dose de-escalations to 2 mg/m2, the dose suggested for phase II studies in solid tumors. Dose escalation in acute leukemia started at 7.5 mg/m2, with several escalations to 55 mg/m2. The DLT was reversible hepatotoxicity at 55 mg/m2. The recommended dose for acute leukemia phase II studies was 40 mg/m2. Among 32 treated patients with acute leukemia, two achieved a complete response and three had a marrow complete response without platelet recovery (hematologic improvement), for an overall response rate of 16%. At 40 mg/m2, the median plasma clofarabine level was 1.5 μmol/L (range, 0.42 to 3.2 μmol/L; n = 7). Cellular and plasma pharmacokinetic studies suggested dose proportionality but showed a wide variation in intracellular concentrations of clofarabine triphosphate. Conclusion: This phase I study defined the following two MTDs for clofarabine given as a 1-hour infusion daily for 5 days: 2 mg/m2 for solid tumors, the DLT being myelosuppression; and 40 mg/m2 for acute leukemia, the DLT being hepatotoxicity. Encouraging activity was observed in acute leukemia.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0037445122&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1200/JCO.2003.04.031
DO - 10.1200/JCO.2003.04.031
M3 - Article
C2 - 12637486
AN - SCOPUS:0037445122
SN - 0732-183X
VL - 21
SP - 1167
EP - 1173
JO - Journal of Clinical Oncology
JF - Journal of Clinical Oncology
IS - 6
ER -