Phalloplasty and the tube pedicle: a chronological re-evaluation

The invention of the tubed pedicle allowed the surgical realization of phalloplasty. Most articles on modern phalloplasty refer to Nikolai Bogoraz as being the first surgeon to attempt the procedure. Re-analysis of published material. Analysis suggests that, although Bogoraz may have been the first to describe it, he was almost certainly not the first to perform it, this honor falling to Sir Harold Gillies. It is important to assess in detail work published in both English and non-English language journals. This has become easier and more commonplace with the development of open access through the Internet but remains difficult with historical texts that have not been converted into digital versions. Level of Evidence: Not ratable.