Peptic ulcer disease

Gastroduodenal ulcers form as the result of the breakdown of mucosal defense mechanisms against acid and enzymes that are present in the gastrointestinal tract. The principal risk factors for the development of peptic ulcer disease include Helicobacter pylori and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. Definitive diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease is accomplished with endoscopy. Management of peptic ulcer disease includes endoscopic procedures for bleeding ulcers, antisecretory therapy to reduce gastroduodenal acid, treatment of H. pylori, and avoidance of gastroduodenal irritants (such as NSAIDs).