TY - JOUR
T1 - Patterns of food and nutrient consumption in northern Iran, a high-risk area for esophageal cancer
AU - Islami, Farhad
AU - Malekshah, Akbar Fazeltabar
AU - Kimiagar, Masoud
AU - Pourshams, Akram
AU - Wakefield, Jon
AU - Goglani, Goharshad
AU - Rakhshani, Nasser
AU - Nasrollahzadeh, Dariush
AU - Salahi, Rasoul
AU - Semnani, Shahryar
AU - Saadatian-Elahi, Mitra
AU - Abnet, Christian C.
AU - Kamangar, Farin
AU - Dawsey, Sanford M.
AU - Brennan, Paul
AU - Boffetta, Paolo
AU - Malekzadeh, Reza
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by funds from DDRC, Iran, IARC, France, and the Intramural Research Program of the NCI, United States. We thank Dr. Hajiamin Marjani, Dr. Omid Mozaffari, and Dr. Elham Jafari for their logistic assistance. We sincerely thank our interviewers: Ailar Jamali, Anita Ramiar, Azin Kor, Akram Mohamadi, Afsane Mosadegh, Halime Pourg-haz, Aijamal Gorgani, Fahime Igder, Saiideh Valaee, Homeira Davoodpour and Hesam Amanbaee. We also enjoyed the close collaboration of Golestan health deputy Dr. Mohamad Naemi, Dr. Ali Aghapor, Mr. J Kabir, and Dr. Jalil Pestei, Chief of Gonbad Health District. We specially thank and appreciate Mrs Yoosefi and Mr Maramaie (local health workers of Behvarz) in the study areas. We also express appreciations to all the kind people of Gonbad for their collaboration in this study. We are deeply grateful to Dr. Nadia Slimani from IARC for her valuable comments. The authors have contributed to the manuscript by planning the study (DDRC, IARC, NNFRI), collecting data (DDRC, NNFRI, GRCGH), calculating the nutritional components (DDRC, NNFRI), analysis of data (DDRC, IARC, NCI), and preparation and revision of the manuscript (all authors).
PY - 2009/7
Y1 - 2009/7
N2 - Our objectives were to investigate patterns of food and nutrient consumption in Golestan province, a high-incidence area for esophageal cancer (EC) in northern Iran. Twelve 24-h dietary recalls were administered during a 1-yr period to 131 healthy participants in a pilot cohort study. We compare here nutrient intake in Golestan with recommended daily allowances (RDAs) and lowest threshold intakes (LTIs). We also compare the intake of 27 food groups and nutrients among several population subgroups using mean values from the 12 recalls. Rural women had a very low level of vitamin intake, which was even lower than LTIs (P 0.01). Daily intake of vitamins A and C was lower than LTI in 67% and 73% of rural women, respectively. Among rural men, the vitamin intakes were not significantly different from LTIs. Among urban women, the vitamin intakes were significantly lower than RDAs but were significantly higher than LTIs. Among urban men, the intakes were not significantly different from RDAs. Compared to urban dwellers, intake of most food groups and nutrients, including vitamins, was significantly lower among rural dwellers. In terms of vitamin intake, no significant difference was observed between Turkmen and non-Turkmen ethnics. The severe deficiency in vitamin intake among women and rural dwellers and marked differences in nutrient intake between rural and urban dwellers may contribute to the observed epidemiological pattern of EC in Golestan, with high incidence rates among women and people with low socioeconomic status and the highest incidence rate among rural women.
AB - Our objectives were to investigate patterns of food and nutrient consumption in Golestan province, a high-incidence area for esophageal cancer (EC) in northern Iran. Twelve 24-h dietary recalls were administered during a 1-yr period to 131 healthy participants in a pilot cohort study. We compare here nutrient intake in Golestan with recommended daily allowances (RDAs) and lowest threshold intakes (LTIs). We also compare the intake of 27 food groups and nutrients among several population subgroups using mean values from the 12 recalls. Rural women had a very low level of vitamin intake, which was even lower than LTIs (P 0.01). Daily intake of vitamins A and C was lower than LTI in 67% and 73% of rural women, respectively. Among rural men, the vitamin intakes were not significantly different from LTIs. Among urban women, the vitamin intakes were significantly lower than RDAs but were significantly higher than LTIs. Among urban men, the intakes were not significantly different from RDAs. Compared to urban dwellers, intake of most food groups and nutrients, including vitamins, was significantly lower among rural dwellers. In terms of vitamin intake, no significant difference was observed between Turkmen and non-Turkmen ethnics. The severe deficiency in vitamin intake among women and rural dwellers and marked differences in nutrient intake between rural and urban dwellers may contribute to the observed epidemiological pattern of EC in Golestan, with high incidence rates among women and people with low socioeconomic status and the highest incidence rate among rural women.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/70449675039
U2 - 10.1080/01635580902803735
DO - 10.1080/01635580902803735
M3 - Article
C2 - 19838919
AN - SCOPUS:70449675039
SN - 0163-5581
VL - 61
SP - 475
EP - 483
JO - Nutrition and Cancer
JF - Nutrition and Cancer
IS - 4
ER -