Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is an umbrella term that represents a wide spectrum of disorders with different clinical presentations and variable risk factors. Despite significant work, the diagnosis and management of the disease remains challenging because of heterogeneity of risk factors, discordance between signs and symptoms, and absence of reliable objective metrics. This chapter aims to highlight some major findings from reserach in patients with DED that shed light on the: findings finding pathophysiology of DED; tear film/ocular surface alterations, corneal morphological changes observed in neuropathic pain, aqueous versus evaporative DED and some systemic diseases, effect of age, sex, environmental factors on DED, preservative toxicity and DED, and effect of microbiome on DED. Of particular interest are objective tests that can help better diagnose DED, determine severity, and/or evaluate response to treatment in humans.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Dry Eye Disease |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Pages | 69-95 |
| Number of pages | 27 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9780323827539 |
| ISBN (Print) | 9780323827546 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 1 Jan 2022 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Aging
- Biomarkers
- Contact lens
- Contact lens discomfort
- Corneal pain
- Dry eye
- Graft-versus-host disease
- Hyperosmolarity
- In vivo confocal microscopy
- Inflammation
- Matrix metalloproteinase
- Microbiome
- Neuropathic pain
- Preservative toxicity
- Sjögren’s syndrome
- Tear film