TY - JOUR
T1 - Parsing the familiality of oppositional defiant disorder from that of conduct disorder
T2 - A familial risk analysis
AU - Petty, Carter R.
AU - Monuteaux, Michael C.
AU - Mick, Eric
AU - Hughes, Samantha
AU - Small, Jacqueline
AU - Faraone, Stephen V.
AU - Biederman, Joseph
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by Grant R01HD036317-10 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (Dr. Biederman) and by Grant support from Shire LPC (Dr. Mick).
Funding Information:
Dr. Stephen V. Faraone receives research support from the following sources: McNeil Pediatrics, Shire Laboratories, the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute of Child Health and Development and the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke.
PY - 2009/1
Y1 - 2009/1
N2 - Background: Family risk analysis can provide an improved understanding of the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), attending to the comorbidity with conduct disorder (CD). Methods: We compared rates of psychiatric disorders in relatives of 78 control probands without ODD and CD (Control, N = 265), relatives of 10 control probands with ODD and without CD (ODD, N = 37), relatives of 19 ADHD probands without ODD and CD (ADHD, N = 71), relatives of 38 ADHD probands with ODD and without CD (ADHD + ODD, N = 130), and relatives of 50 ADHD probands with ODD and CD (ADHD + ODD + CD, N = 170). Results: Rates of ADHD were significantly higher in all three ADHD groups compared to the Control group, while rates of ODD were significantly higher in all three ODD groups compared to the Control group. Evidence for co-segregation was found in the ADHD + ODD group. Rates of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and addictions in the relatives were significantly elevated only in the ADHD + ODD + CD group. Conclusions: ADHD and ODD are familial disorders, and ADHD plus ODD outside the context of CD may mark a familial subtype of ADHD. ODD and CD confer different familial risks, providing further support for the hypothesis that ODD and CD are separate disorders.
AB - Background: Family risk analysis can provide an improved understanding of the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), attending to the comorbidity with conduct disorder (CD). Methods: We compared rates of psychiatric disorders in relatives of 78 control probands without ODD and CD (Control, N = 265), relatives of 10 control probands with ODD and without CD (ODD, N = 37), relatives of 19 ADHD probands without ODD and CD (ADHD, N = 71), relatives of 38 ADHD probands with ODD and without CD (ADHD + ODD, N = 130), and relatives of 50 ADHD probands with ODD and CD (ADHD + ODD + CD, N = 170). Results: Rates of ADHD were significantly higher in all three ADHD groups compared to the Control group, while rates of ODD were significantly higher in all three ODD groups compared to the Control group. Evidence for co-segregation was found in the ADHD + ODD group. Rates of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and addictions in the relatives were significantly elevated only in the ADHD + ODD + CD group. Conclusions: ADHD and ODD are familial disorders, and ADHD plus ODD outside the context of CD may mark a familial subtype of ADHD. ODD and CD confer different familial risks, providing further support for the hypothesis that ODD and CD are separate disorders.
KW - ADHD
KW - Conduct
KW - Family risk
KW - Oppositional defiant
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/58149528217
U2 - 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.03.010
DO - 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.03.010
M3 - Article
C2 - 18455189
AN - SCOPUS:58149528217
SN - 0022-3956
VL - 43
SP - 345
EP - 352
JO - Journal of Psychiatric Research
JF - Journal of Psychiatric Research
IS - 4
ER -