Outcomes and Resource Utilization Associated With Readmissions After Atrial Fibrillation Hospitalizations

Background: Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia worldwide. Data regarding 30-day readmission rates after discharge for atrial fibrillation remain poorly reported. Methods and Results: The Nationwide Readmission Database (2010–2014) was queried using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes to identify study population. Incidence, etiologies of 30-day readmission and predictors of 30-day readmissions, and cost of care were analyzed. Among 1 723 378 patients who survived to discharge, 249 343 (14.4%) patients were readmitted within 30 days. Compared with the readmitted group, the nonreadmitted group had higher utilization of electrical cardioversion and catheter ablation. Atrial fibrillation was the most common cause of readmission (24.1%). Median time to 30-day readmission was 13 days. Advancing age, female sex, and longer stay during index hospitalization predicted higher 30-day readmissions, whereas private insurance, electrical cardioversion, catheter ablation, higher income, and elective admissions correlated with lower 30-day readmission. Comorbidities such as heart failure, neurological disorder, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver failure, coagulopathy, anemia, peripheral vascular disease, and electrolyte disturbance, correlated with increased 30-day readmissions and cost burden. Trend analysis showed a progressive decline in 30-day readmission rates from 14.7% in 2010 to 14.3% in 2014 (P trend, <0.001). Conclusions: Approximately 1 in 7 patients were readmitted within 30 days of discharge, with symptomatic atrial fibrillation being the most common cause. We identified a predictive model for increased risk of readmissions and treatment expense. Electrical cardioversion during index admission was associated with a significant reduction in 30-day readmissions and service charges. The 30-day readmissions correlated with a substantial rise in the cost of care.