Optimizing clinical outcomes across domains of life in adolescents and adults with ADHD

ADHD in adults can be treated effectively with both stimulant and nonstimulant medications. Treatment should fit the extent of impairment throughout the day, so that it is generally better to use a long-acting preparation for adults and adolescents to obtain treatment coverage throughout the day and into the evening. Longer acting preparations may also be less likely to be diverted for abuse. Cardiac monitoring before starting and during treatment is important. To manage comorbid conditions, clinicians can consider monotherapy with a medication that may be effective for both conditions or a combination of medications, with care taken to avoid drug interactions. Psychosocial interventions and/or environmental manipulation are often also required to achieve optimum outcomes.