TY - JOUR
T1 - Opium use and mortality in Golestan Cohort Study
T2 - prospective cohort study of 50,000 adults in Iran.
AU - Khademi, Hooman
AU - Malekzadeh, Reza
AU - Pourshams, Akram
AU - Jafari, Elham
AU - Salahi, Rasool
AU - Semnani, Shahryar
AU - Abaie, Behrooz
AU - Islami, Farhad
AU - Nasseri-Moghaddam, Siavosh
AU - Etemadi, Arash
AU - Byrnes, Graham
AU - Abnet, Christian C.
AU - Dawsey, Sanford M.
AU - Day, Nicholas E.
AU - Pharoah, Paul D.
AU - Boffetta, Paolo
AU - Brennan, Paul
AU - Kamangar, Farin
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - To investigate the association between opium use and subsequent risk of death. Prospective cohort study. The Golestan Cohort Study in north-eastern Iran collected detailed validated data on opium use and other exposures at baseline. Participants were enrolled between January 2004 and June 2008 and were followed to May 2011, with a follow-up success rate of over 99%. 50,045 participants aged 40-75 at baseline. Mortality, all cause and major subcategories. 17% (n = 8487) of the participants reported opium use, with a mean duration of 12.7 years. During the follow-up period 2145 deaths were reported. The adjusted hazard ratio for all cause mortality associated with ever use of opium was 1.86 (95% confidence interval 1.68 to 2.06). Opium consumption was significantly associated with increased risks of deaths from several causes including circulatory diseases (hazard ratio 1.81) and cancer (1.61). The strongest associations were seen with deaths from asthma, tuberculosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (11.0, 6.22, and 5.44, respectively). After exclusion of people who self prescribed opium after the onset of major chronic illnesses, the associations remained strong with a dose-response relation. Opium users have an increased risk of death from multiple causes compared with non-users. Increased risks were also seen in people who used low amounts of opium for a long period and those who had no major illness before use.
AB - To investigate the association between opium use and subsequent risk of death. Prospective cohort study. The Golestan Cohort Study in north-eastern Iran collected detailed validated data on opium use and other exposures at baseline. Participants were enrolled between January 2004 and June 2008 and were followed to May 2011, with a follow-up success rate of over 99%. 50,045 participants aged 40-75 at baseline. Mortality, all cause and major subcategories. 17% (n = 8487) of the participants reported opium use, with a mean duration of 12.7 years. During the follow-up period 2145 deaths were reported. The adjusted hazard ratio for all cause mortality associated with ever use of opium was 1.86 (95% confidence interval 1.68 to 2.06). Opium consumption was significantly associated with increased risks of deaths from several causes including circulatory diseases (hazard ratio 1.81) and cancer (1.61). The strongest associations were seen with deaths from asthma, tuberculosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (11.0, 6.22, and 5.44, respectively). After exclusion of people who self prescribed opium after the onset of major chronic illnesses, the associations remained strong with a dose-response relation. Opium users have an increased risk of death from multiple causes compared with non-users. Increased risks were also seen in people who used low amounts of opium for a long period and those who had no major illness before use.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84860329748&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1136/bmj.e2502
DO - 10.1136/bmj.e2502
M3 - Article
C2 - 22511302
AN - SCOPUS:84860329748
SN - 0959-8146
VL - 344
SP - e2502
JO - The BMJ
JF - The BMJ
ER -