TY - JOUR
T1 - Omega-3, omega-6 and total dietary polyunsaturated fat on cancer incidence
T2 - systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials
AU - on behalf of the PUFAH group
AU - Hanson, Sarah
AU - Thorpe, Gabrielle
AU - Winstanley, Lauren
AU - Abdelhamid, Asmaa S.
AU - Hooper, Lee
AU - Abdelhamid, Asmaa
AU - Ajabnoor, Sarah
AU - Alabdulghafoor, Faye
AU - Alkhudairy, Lena
AU - Biswas, Priti
AU - Brainard, Julii
AU - Bridges, Charlene
AU - Brown, Tracey J.
AU - Deane, Katherine
AU - Donaldson, Daisy
AU - Hooper, Lee
AU - Jimoh, Oluseyi Florence
AU - Martin, Nicole
AU - O’Brien, Alex
AU - Rees, Karen
AU - Alkhudairy, Lena
AU - Song, Fujian
AU - Thorpe, Gabrielle
AU - Wang, Xia
AU - Winstanley, Lauren
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Cancer Research UK.
PY - 2020/4/14
Y1 - 2020/4/14
N2 - Background: The relationship between long-chain omega-3 (LCn3), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), omega-6 and total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intakes and cancer risk is unclear. Methods: We searched Medline, Embase, CENTRAL and trials registries for RCTs comparing higher with lower LCn3, ALA, omega-6 and/or total PUFA, that assessed cancers over ≥12 months. Random-effects meta-analyses, sensitivity analyses, subgrouping, risk of bias and GRADE were used. Results: We included 47 RCTs (108,194 participants). Increasing LCn3 has little or no effect on cancer diagnosis (RR1.02, 95% CI 0.98–1.07), cancer death (RR0.97, 95% CI 0.90–1.06) or breast cancer diagnosis (RR1.03, 95% CI 0.89–1.20); increasing ALA has little or no effect on cancer death (all high/moderate-quality evidence). Increasing LCn3 (NNTH 334, RR1.10, 95% CI 0.97–1.24) and ALA (NNTH 334, RR1.30, 95% CI 0.72–2.32) may slightly increase prostate cancer risk; increasing total PUFA may slightly increase risk of cancer diagnosis (NNTH 125, RR1.19, 95% CI 0.99–1.42) and cancer death (NNTH 500, RR1.10, 95% CI 0.48–2.49) but total PUFA doses were very high in some trials. Conclusions: The most extensive systematic review to assess the effects of increasing PUFAs on cancer risk found increasing total PUFA may very slightly increase cancer risk, offset by small protective effects on cardiovascular diseases.
AB - Background: The relationship between long-chain omega-3 (LCn3), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), omega-6 and total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intakes and cancer risk is unclear. Methods: We searched Medline, Embase, CENTRAL and trials registries for RCTs comparing higher with lower LCn3, ALA, omega-6 and/or total PUFA, that assessed cancers over ≥12 months. Random-effects meta-analyses, sensitivity analyses, subgrouping, risk of bias and GRADE were used. Results: We included 47 RCTs (108,194 participants). Increasing LCn3 has little or no effect on cancer diagnosis (RR1.02, 95% CI 0.98–1.07), cancer death (RR0.97, 95% CI 0.90–1.06) or breast cancer diagnosis (RR1.03, 95% CI 0.89–1.20); increasing ALA has little or no effect on cancer death (all high/moderate-quality evidence). Increasing LCn3 (NNTH 334, RR1.10, 95% CI 0.97–1.24) and ALA (NNTH 334, RR1.30, 95% CI 0.72–2.32) may slightly increase prostate cancer risk; increasing total PUFA may slightly increase risk of cancer diagnosis (NNTH 125, RR1.19, 95% CI 0.99–1.42) and cancer death (NNTH 500, RR1.10, 95% CI 0.48–2.49) but total PUFA doses were very high in some trials. Conclusions: The most extensive systematic review to assess the effects of increasing PUFAs on cancer risk found increasing total PUFA may very slightly increase cancer risk, offset by small protective effects on cardiovascular diseases.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85081403708
U2 - 10.1038/s41416-020-0761-6
DO - 10.1038/s41416-020-0761-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 32114592
AN - SCOPUS:85081403708
SN - 0007-0920
VL - 122
SP - 1260
EP - 1270
JO - British Journal of Cancer
JF - British Journal of Cancer
IS - 8
ER -