Nucleotide sequence of chicken c-myb complementary DNA and implications for myb oncogene activation

Avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV), like other acute transforming viruses, arose by recombination between its helper virus and host cellular sequences. The latter sequences, termed v-myb, are responsible for the oncogenic properties of the virus. AMY causes acute myeloblastic leukaemia in chickens and transforms a specific class of haematopoietic cells in vitro, but does not induce morphological transformation of cultured fibroblasts, suggesting that only a restricted target-cell population is responsive to its transforming gene product^1,2. The normal cellular counterpart of v-myb, c-myb, is highly conserved and is present in all vertebrate and some invertebrate species examined^3,4. DNA rearrangements and altered expression of the myb oncogene have been reported in mouse lymphoid tumours^5-7 and human myeloid⁸ and colon tumours⁹. The mechanism of activation of the cellular proto-oncogenes is thought to involve the structural alteration of the coding regions that result in either the synthesis of an altered gene product or the enhanced expression of a proto-oncogene caused by alterations in its regulatory elements. To distinguish between these two mechanisms, we have cloned and sequenced the chicken c-myb complementary DNA and compared it with that of v-myb sequences. We demonstrate that during the transduction of the cellular sequences and/or viral passage a substantial portion of the coding region of the c-myb gene has been lost from both the 5′ and 3′ ends, resulting in the generation of a truncated gene product that mediates the transforming function of the virus.