Nitrate-reducing bacteria in diversion colitis: A clue to inflammation?

A pathogenic role of nitric oxide has been suggested in acute and chronic intestinal inflammation. We took the opportunity offered by studies in patients with excluded colon, which represents a model of chronic intestinal inflammation with no exogenous nitrite or nitrate supply, to evaluate the quantity and the quality of nitrate reducers in diversion colitis. Thirty patients (17 men, 13 women, mean age 45 years) having an excluded colon for various reasons were sampled by rectal swabs and compared to 30 healthy controls (11 men, 19 women, mean age 28 years). The percentage of nitrate-reducers among the total count of subcultured bacteria was 46 ± 41% (mean ± SD) in patients with diversion colitis as compared to 19 ± 24% in healthy controls. This difference was significant (P < 0.05) despite great heterogeneity in individual values. In patients with diversion colitis, 75/254 (29.5%) different isolated bacterial strains were nitrate-reducers as compared to 61/294 (21%) (P < 0.05) in controls. Among the 75 nitrate- reducing strains isolated from patients with diversion colitis, 55 were aerobes. Pseudomonas species were only encountered in this population. The predominant group was enterobacteria with a high isolation rate of species belonging to the genera Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella. In healthy controls nitrate-reducing anaerobes were nearly as frequent as aerobes. The most frequent species was Eubacterium lentum, followed by Clostridium perfringens. It could be suggested that nitric oxide synthase might produce a bacterial substrate increasing the growth of bacteria with a high pathogenic potential, creating conditions for chronic inflammation and infection in patients with excluded colon.